Warming with extruded polystyrene foam
Contents ✓
- ✓ MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE
- ✓ STONE STONE
- ✓ MANUFACTURERS of extruded polystyrene
- ✓ Application of extruded polystyrene for insulation
- ✓ COST of extruded polystyrene foam
- ✓ Application of extruded polystyrene foam for warming the walls of the house - nuances
- ✓ FOAM POLYSTYRENE HEATERS: LET'S UNDERSTAND NAMES AND PROPERTIES
- ✓ WARMING WITH EXTRUDED FOAM AND ITS COMBUSTIBILITY - VIDEO
PECULIARITIES OF EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENEAL APPLICATION FOR WALL INSULATION
Due to some operational properties extruded polystyrene foam has a number of advantages over other types of insulation.
How to implement them?
Extruded polystyrene foam (also extruded, XPS or EPS) has one of the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among the heaters widely used in construction. At the same time, it has high strength, rigidity and durability, an extremely low water absorption coefficient, which makes it possible to use the material for warming not only ground, but also underground parts of buildings, as well as floors on the ground, flat roofs, bases for roads, parking lots and even take-offs strip of airfields.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE
The technology of extrusion production of expanded polystyrene was developed in 1950-ies. by The Dow Chemical Company (USA). The process of obtaining it is as follows. In the first stage, the granulated polystyrene is mixed and then fused with other raw materials, which increase the strength of the future material and reduce its combustibility.
The resulting homogeneous mass under high pressure is fed with a "foaming" gas, after which it is forced through a rectangular hole of the extruder. At the same time as the pressure advances and decreases, the gas expands, "foaming" the polystyrene. As a result, a plate of specified width and thickness is created, which depends on the size of the extruder orifice. Practically the only thing that has changed in technology since the time of its invention is the composition of the foaming gas.
So, if initially foaming agents were hard freons, then a mixture of hard and soft freons, then soft freons, then more and more companies are using CO2, which is determined by the widespread struggle with the production and use of freon containing materials. The first (in 1999) for this gas went two major concerns - The Dow Chemical Company (USA) and BASF AG (Germany), offering the market environmentally friendly insulation - respectively STYROFOAM and Styrodur C.
OPINION OF THE SPECIALIST
Some experts, choosing a thermal insulation material, start from the erroneous criterion: "with that heater the wall will breathe, but with that - no." Alas, often this mythical argument is the main one. But it is obvious that the question itself is put unprofessionally. In other words, when it is said that the wall "breathes", thereby emphasizing its positive qualities - it is not only not good, but also often provokes a violation of the existing joint venture 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings" and can lead to the opposite (in terms of energy saving ) process. Namely - to excessive heat loss.
Recently, the new Interstate Standard "Buildings and Constructions. The method of mathematical modeling of the temperature-humidity regime of enclosing structures »(GOST 32D9-2013), using which, it is possible to obtain the calculated distribution of moisture inside the structure at any time of the year, and also quantify the probability of condensate falling out on the inner wall surface - this is one of the drawbacks attributed to "Non-breathing" constructions. We applied to the Research Institute of Building Physics of RAASN with the request to make such calculations for a number of multilayered walls (for various regions of Russia) using "Penoplex". The results of calculations have convincingly proved that in any climatic zone, even at a relative air humidity of 90%, condensate can not drop out on the inner surface of the walls. Moreover, the calculated humidity on the inner surface of the wall turned out to be even less than for structures in which other types of insulation are used. This conclusion is confirmed by the calculations carried out by the Institute of Building Physics Fraunhofer (Germany).
It is technology that determines the unusual - solid and integral microstructure of extruded polystyrene foam, which is a set of closed impermeable cells that are filled with gas molecules. In turn, the microstructure determines the high heat-saving and strength characteristics of extruded polystyrene foam at very low vapor permeability and water absorption (it does not have capillaries). The latter property ensures the operational durability of the material, and also allows to keep the coefficient of its thermal conductivity close to the initial value during the whole period of operation, which is not less than 50 years.
For example, extruded polystyrene foam can be used for external thermal insulation of cellars and buried building structures without additional waterproofing. The tests showed that it retains thermal insulation properties even after 1 thousand freeze-thaw cycles - the thermal resistance decreases by only 5%. The only limitation, which should be remembered, is the maximum continuous operation temperature is 75 ° C. Otherwise, the plates may begin to deform.
See also: Wall insulation at home - how to?
STONE STONE
Despite the fact that in the material of some manufacturers introduce effective flame retardants (their share does not exceed 0,5%), it has a sufficiently high flammability (refers to the group of GB or GD). Particularly acute problem of its flammability and toxicity began to be discussed after a fire in the Perm nightclub, where a large number of people were affected by the poisoning of the products with polystyrene burning.
We will not dispute this fact, as well as the fact that practically all known foams under certain conditions can be very fire hazardous. However, we recall that, contrary to all construction norms, foam plastic in this case was not protected in any way. And the fire burned only 3 mines (not damaged either wooden furniture, or even napkins on the table) and went out before the arrival of firefighters. If the material covered at least a layer of drywall, then the tragedy would not have happened.
That is why the primary task for both specialists and developers is the correct and justified combination of technical and operational properties of extruded polystyrene foam with fire prevention solutions that provide the required fire safety indices of the building as a whole and of each building structure separately.
In other words, it is necessary and possible to build houses with the use of extruded polystyrene foam, but the structures to be constructed must have the same fire hazard indicators as those built with a non-combustible heater. To help in this, a new STO 274465.001 -2013 "Standard Rapex for the application of extruded polystyrene foam in enclosing and load-bearing building structures is taken into account, taking into account the required fire resistance and fire hazard".
On a note:
ECONOMIC OPTION
The market also presents an "intermediate version" of the insulation - KNAUF Therm (KNAUF Polyfoam), combining the strength of extruded polystyrene with the traditional advantages of conventional. The process of its production differs in that the material is immediately molded into a finished product of the desired thickness and with a given surface texture, which provides high strength (17 t / m2) and durability, low water saturation (0,1%) - these characteristics are similar to those of extruded polystyrene. At the same time, the vapor permeability of KNAUF Therm is significantly higher than that of EPAS, 0,023 mg / (m · h · Pa), which is very important for facade insulation, and the cost is much lower - from 990 rub. for packing with a volume of 0,3 m3.
MANUFACTURERS of extruded polystyrene
According to the "Market Review of Heat Insulation Materials of Russia 2009-2013", the largest domestic producer of extruded polystyrene foam is the company "PENOPLEX".
Its factories are located in different parts of the country, therefore "PENOPLEX" widely represents its products in the regions. Next in terms of production - the company "TechnoNIKOL", which has seven factories in different regions of Russia. The third place is shared by NISC0 INDUSTRY (t / m STYROFOAM) and "Uralita Group" (t / m URSA XPS), whose production is located in the Moscow region.
In the Nizhny Novgorod region there are factories of the company "Teplex" (t / m "Teplex"), in Tatarstan - "Chemical Plant. L. Ya. Karpov »(t / m« Timplex »). In addition, the market presents products of approximately 15 smaller manufacturers.
Reference by topic: Which is better to choose insulation for the home - materials
Application of extruded polystyrene for insulation
In the photo the figures are:
1 - external wall insulation. basement floor .2 - wall insulation from the outside with subsequent plastering on the grid. 3 - insulation of cold bridges D - insulation of floors on the ground. 5 - inverted roof. 6 - floor insulation. 7 - roof insulation. under the rafters. 8 - roof insulation over the rafters. 9 - carrier substrate. for facing tiles and finishing 10 - installation of underfloor heating. 11 - insulation of the blind area
COST of extruded polystyrene foam
Extruded polystyrene foam is much more expensive than usual, which is explained by the more sophisticated technology of its production. The price of the material varies within 3500- 7800 rub. for 1 m3.
When buying a heater, experts advise to give preference to the products of well-known and proven manufacturers. According to experts, the volume of application of extruded polystyrene in the coming year will increase by about 50%. There is no demand recession.
Reference by topic: Building a warm house with your own hands
IN HELP TO BUILDERS AND CONSTRUCTORS
In November 2007 founded the Association "RAPEX" - a non-profit organization representing the interests of leading Russian manufacturers of insulation materials made of extruded polystyrene foam. Its members are the three largest companies: PENOPLEX SPb (t / m PENOPLEX), NISCO INDUSTRY (t / m STYROFOAM) and URSA Eurasia (t / m URSA XPS). Among the activities of the Association, the priority is to promote the development of the XPS market by providing consumers with reliable information about extruded polystyrene foam. So, in January 2014, the Association together with FGBU VNIIPO MOE developed and implemented the "Standard for the use of extruded polystyrene foam in enclosing and load-bearing building structures, taking into account the required fire resistance and fire hazard". The new document serves as a detailed reference, containing solutions for the use of material in the main enclosing structures of buildings and structures. All the application variants have been developed over the past few years and successfully passed the tests at the Research Institute of Fire-Fighting Defense of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia. In addition, the document makes a clear distinction between the concepts of fire safety of a material, a structure and a building as a whole.
Application of extruded polystyrene foam for warming the walls of the house - nuances
- Plates of extruded polystyrene foam are produced both with an L-shaped edge, which excludes the formation of slits - cold bridges, even when laying the insulation in one layer, and with a smooth one.
- For the convenience of transportation, as well as loading and unloading without the use of lifting equipment, plates are offered in packages of about 0,3 m3, each of which contains from 4 to 17 pcs.
- Packaging will not only save the plates of extruded polystyrene during transportation, but will also tell about the manufacturer and even confirm the authenticity of the product
- External warming of the walls of the basement with extruded polystyrene is happier than usual.
- Tapes of the socle can be insulated even before they are created - the plates of extruded polystyrene foam will become the wall of the formwork.
- Swedish (it is also called Scandinavian) the foundation is originally built with a warm water floor
- The construction of so-called floors on the ground with the use of extruded polystyrene foam is also faster.
- Warming blind area allows to move the freezing line of the ground from the foundation.
- When constructing multilayer walls using extruded polystyrene, it should be remembered that if the interior of the structure is constructed of a vapor-permeable material, a ventilated gap must be created between it and the thermal insulation, otherwise condensate will appear on this boundary.
- Facades of houses made of concrete or bricks can be insulated with EPS boards, followed by plastering.
- When the slab roofs are insulated with EPPP slabs through a heater to the rafters, a counterweight is attached to it, and a sheath is attached to it, to which the roof is then mounted.
FOAM POLYSTYRENE HEATERS: LET'S UNDERSTAND NAMES AND PROPERTIES
Most of us are well acquainted with the words that designate heat-insulating materials: foam, foam polystyrene, foam polystyrene. HOWEVER, NOT ALL HAVE UTILIZED THEM RIGHTLY. We break up the heaters and their names "by sheath".
In the professional slang of engineers and chemical scientists, the word "foam" briefly refers to a whole class of materials that are gas-filled (foamed) plastics. Expanded polystyrene is a type of polystyrene, where polystyrene is the polymer. The word "foam" has become a household name and is widely used in everyday life thanks to the PENOPLEX brand - this is the name of the first domestic insulation made from extruded polystyrene foam.
RIGHT NAMES
In everyday life, foam boards are often called white plates made of expanded polystyrene foam - a lightweight material with a granular structure, well known also for the use of household appliances in packaging. Both foam and this foam are made from the same raw material, but using completely different technologies, so there are differences between them in properties, including heat-shielding ones.
The EPP has a homogeneous closed-pore structure, which does not pass water. THEREFORE, THE MATERIAL REMAINS ITS HEAT-PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES FOR EXTENDED J J L TERM OF SERVICE.
The foam is produced by steaming polystyrene microgranules with water vapor. Under the influence of temperature, their volume greatly increases until the whole form is filled with polystyrene foam. The engineers gave it the name “bespressovy polystyrene foam”. Hence the Russian abbreviation PSB (expanded polystyrene bespressovy) and English EPS (Expanded Polystyrene).
The material, which is popularly called penoplex, is correctly called the term extruded (or extruded) polystyrene foam. Hence the Russian abbreviation EPP and the English XPS (extruded Polystyrene). It is made by extrusion. Polystyrene granules at elevated temperature and pressure are mixed with a foaming agent, then the mixture is extruded from the extruder, and it is shaped into plates.
In order to avoid confusion, we will call the aforementioned polystyrene foam free polystyrene foam (PSB), and polyfoam - extruded polystyrene foam (EPP).
DIFFERENT STRUCTURE - DIFFERENT PROPERTIES
PSB has a granular structure. If handled carelessly, it begins to crumble. Grains do not have the best effect on the heat-shielding properties. In conditions of high humidity, water seeps between them - a conductor of heat. Wet insulation ceases to store heat. This is understandable by analogy with clothing. In winter, thermal underwear perfectly warms us, but putting on a damp underwear shirt, in the cold you will not only freeze, but also risk catching pneumonia.
Many leading manufacturers of thermal insulation agree on the indispensability of EPP for insulation of building structures that are in high humidity conditions.
In particular, for the basement and first floors of buildings that are more exposed to snow, slanting rain, splashes from passing cars.
TRANSITION OF QUANTITY TO QUALITY
Thermal protective properties of materials are characterized by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The smaller it is, the worse the material conducts heat. In PSB, it is greater than or equal to 0,040 W / (m K), and in EPP - 0,030-0,032 (according to SP 50.13330.2012. Thermal protection of buildings). That is, for thermal insulation of the same building structure, the extruded polystyrene foam layer will be at least 20-30% thinner than the non-pressurized one.
Water absorption of materials is strikingly different. EPP in 30 days absorbs no more than 0,5% of water by volume, while PSB - up to 4%, that is, eight times more. And we know that wet insulation protects worse from the cold.
Strength is very important for building materials. The compressive strength of EPP is 0,15-0,50 MPa, and the majority of PSB boards on the market have 0,05-0,20 MPa.
Unpressed polystyrene foam is used when the question arises of the lowest price, and in some cases, thermal conductivity, water absorption and strength are not critical - for example, in the mentioned application for packaging household appliances.
WARMING WITH EXTRUDED FOAM AND ITS COMBUSTIBILITY - VIDEO
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To insulate the floors in a country house, you should choose a material with the following characteristics - moisture resistance, durability, ease of installation, low weight, low thermal conductivity. These parameters correspond to extruded foam polystyrene, expanded clay, polyurethane foam, mineral wool, glass wool, perlite, technical plug. The most popular are mineral wool and extruded foam polystyrene. The former has a low degree of shrinkage; good vapor permeability, which allows steam and condensate to escape unhindered; low thermal conductivity; high sound insulation. Expedited polystyrene foam has a low thermal conductivity, water and vapor tightness, resistance to mold and fungi, environmental friendliness and long service life. It is great for floor heating.
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First we will clarify the terminology. Under the commonly used term "polystyrene foam" »in the construction industry polystyrene is used, and it is mainly extruded. This is a very good material. It combines excellent heat-insulating ability and perfect immunity to moisture. Especially this material is good at heat and waterproofing of the basement space. It is also used as a thermal insulation for insulation works of enclosing structures (walls).
The method described by you is often called "wet" »plaster warming. And the fact that it is "wet" imposes restrictions on the temperature regime of its use. Experts do not recommend using it when working in the vicinity of zero temperatures, and even more so in frost.
Another aspect is that this material practically does not allow air to pass through. This is good for thermal insulation, and for ventilation - completely worthless. That is, the walls you a priori will not "breathe" *. This problem can not be dismissed, and you will have to solve it by creating a real system of supply and exhaust ventilation, because you do not want to live in a greenhouse.
Still it should be said about the fire resistance of this material. She, admittedly, is not large, but after the plates of expanded polystyrene are drowned in mineral plaster, they will no longer be dangerous. In Western Europe, low-rise construction is almost completely converted to extruded polystyrene foam.
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Now the outer walls of brick houses are warmed with foam plates, followed by their plaster (on synthetic mesh) with adhesive mortar. What are the pros and cons of this method? Can I reproduce this technology myself?
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Yes, from foam it is possible to warm the house well and not only!