Trellises and pergolas in the country house with their own hands (drawings)
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How to make pergolas and trellises in the garden, on the site with your own hands
Ivan Stoletov made a variety of trellises and pergolas on his plot, which perform not only decorative, but also utilitarian functions.
Tents and pergolas - designs that are easy to make with your own hands, do not require much time and materials to build, provided, of course, a rational approach to this issue. At my summer cottage participation, these designs made it possible to ensure order, to make plant care convenient, and most importantly, they did not take up much time to maintain them in working condition.
TRELLIS - a special grid, on which the plant winds or to which the branches of trees are tied to give them a certain shape. Pergola (Italian Pergola from Latin Perqula - canopy, extension) - in horticulture: a canopy of climbing plants to protect the passage or terrace from the scorching sun.
- Pergola in the summer kitchen forms a green corridor on the way to the greenhouse.
- Decorative vineyard on trellises at the entrance to the cottage.
- Wooden trellised trellised trellises on the veranda of the kitchen.
What to make trellises and pergolas in the garden?
Materials for the manufacture of trellises and pergolas can be very diverse - brick, concrete, metal, plates, wood. If you want to do something like this with your own hands, first of all you need to determine the purpose of such a structure. For example, in my area (Fig. 1), several similar structures. Some of them are purely decorative: from the entrance gate to the cottage, at the entrance to the house and in front of the kitchen canopy. Others are intended for growing white sweet grapes or to hide outbuildings (near the summer kitchen) and as elements of arrangement of recreation areas. And there are universal ones that combine all these functions - at the greenhouse, pool, kitchen.
See also: Wicker trellis instead of a fence in the dacha with their own hands
Different constructions of pergolas and trellis
Depending on the purpose, I made different pergolas and trellises, which differ in design. Firstly, these are high, strong to the strong wind trellises of the outer fence along the road and at the entrance gates. I made them from metal racks and tension cables.
At the entrance to the house, I built a pergola using second-hand downspouts. Near the greenhouse and summer kitchen - trellises made of thin-walled galvanized profiles, as well as lattice wooden hinged. For shrubs raspberries and blackberries, plants in the greenhouse and climbing roses made combined designs.
Pergola on hot summer days successfully serves as a gazebo or shady canopy over garden paths, where you can always enjoy the cool. If the plot is large, then several pergolas and trellises installed at different ends of the plot will create a beautiful landscape. And openwork decorative lattices at any time of the year will be able to set others around in a romantic mood and provide a good mood.
- Fig. 1. The arrangement of pergolas and trellis on the site: 1 - trellis of external fencing; 2 - trellis for white grapes; 3 - a pergola at the entrance to the house; 4 - wooden grilles; 5 - supports for raspberry bushes; 6 - supports for bushes of blackberry; 7 - temporary support for Jerusalem artichoke; 8 - trellis for climbing roses.
- Fig. 2. The device of a trellis of an external protection: 1 - racks of a fence from steel pipes 0 80 mm; 2 - the extreme racks of trellis made of steel pipes 0 40 mm; 3 - intermediate racks of trellis from steel pipes 0 25 mm; 4 - steel cables in plastic sheath; 5 - lanyard; 6 - decorative cast iron fence sections; 7 - plinth of the fence of quarry stone; 8 - steel wedge.
- The grapes that have grown over the outer fence practically hide the trellis themselves.
- Tension of the cable on the trellises of the outer fence with the help of lanyards.
Reference by topic: How to make trellises for climbing plants
Landing of the site with your own hands
The trellis mounted on top of the outer fence is very simple in design. Since the racks of the fence are made of metal pipes 0 80 mm, I used them as a base, inserting trellis supports - steel pipes 0 40 mm into them. To firmly fix the support pipe inside the fence post, I pinched it with a metal wedge (Fig. 2). The length of the supports is approximately 2,5 m. Between the supports pulled cables, the tension of which is provided with lanyards. I installed intermediate metal racks from pipes 0 25 mm in increments of about 3 m - this ensures rigidity and stability of the structure and prevents cable bending.
Pergolas for white grapes
White grapes in comparison with dark - less curly and less growing, and in terms of yield weaker, so the load on the trellis is less. This made it possible to use inexpensive galvanized lightweight steel profiles for the manufacture of tapestries, intended for attaching drywall, and in order to provide reliable resistance to strong winds (hurricanes also occur with us), I used simple, but reliable techniques.
Stiffness and stability of the structure are provided by metal roof runs that redistribute horizontal loads to separate more powerful racks reinforced with steel pipes 0 4 mm (Figure 3). An important role is also played by the choice of the step between the posts (about 80 cm) and the reliable connection of the frame elements with self-tapping screws.
Racks of pergolas installed in previously dug holes of depth 0,6 m, but not concrete, but fell asleep with gravel and stones and tamped. It took me several hours to install these pergolas.
Fig. 3. Device of pergola
of galvanized steel profiles:
1 - racks from the profile; 2 - horizontal crossbars; 3 - steel pipes 0 40 mm;
4 - self-tapping screw; 5 - cross-section beams from a light profile; 6 - longitudinal runs of pipes and light profiles; 7 - hairpin with nuts.
The top view of a lightened trellis-pergola located between the greenhouse and the one that needs it (separates the economic zone from the general one).
Reference by topic: Pergola for the grape with your own hands
Pergola at the entrance to the house with their own hands
This plant support (Figure 4) I made from water pipes 0 25 and 40 mm, but I use it also as scaffolding, that is, for maintenance of the house (if necessary, wash or replace panels on the facade of the house). The bases of racks in this construction I concreted.
Temporary trellis
I have temporary trellis kits. I install them as needed and clean them in the fall. These are trellises for Jerusalem artichoke and individual bushes of climbing roses (Fig. 5). Jerusalem artichoke with a height of 3 m or more with a strong wind loses stability and lies on the lawn. To protect Jerusalem artichoke from lodging, and the lawn from fallen plants, which eventually become moldy, I set up supports around the end of July, when the plants gain more than 2 m in height.
The design is simple and very convenient - it is a cable with loops at the ends that I lift along two steel rods (something like a crowbar about 3 m high. The rods are driven into the ground at an angle of about 75 degrees, so the necessary tension is provided when lifting the cable. to disassemble such a trellis, it is enough to hit the loops with a hammer - and the cable itself falls to the ground.
Raspberries and blackberries
I made supports for raspberry and blackberry bushes from metal cables stretched between two horizontal guides (Fig. 6). The cables are stretched along each row of landings. Metal horizontal guides are attached to the support pipes, which absorb all loads. All metal structures from used water pipes 0 40 mm. Considering that my raspberry and blackberry bushes are tall, I pulled the cables in two tiers vertically for each row: in this case, trunks and branches of both short and tall bushes were provided with support. Please note that it is necessary to securely fasten the extreme posts - drive them into the ground to a depth of at least 1,2 m.
Greenhouse
The design of supports for plants in a greenhouse resembles the design of supports for raspberry and blackberry bushes - these are the same cables stretched between horizontal crossbars {Fig. 7) at the ends of the greenhouse. For the cross members, steel pipes 0 40 mm were used. fixed at a height of about 2,2 m. At this height, they do not interfere with the passage and work in the greenhouse. Crossbars are pulled by collars to powerful stands of a greenhouse in corners.
I pull the cables, tightening the nut on the tensioner bolt. If you loosen the tension of the cable, then the tensioner can be moved along the cross member. This ensures the exact position of the ropes over rows of bushes of tomatoes or cucumbers. The garters of each bush from a strong thin rope are fixed on ropes and serve as guides for plants.
Each cable in two or three places is tied to a metal greenhouse farm with a fine knitting wire. This prevents the uneven deflection of the rope during fruit ripening, when the green weight of the bushes also increases significantly. I note that the height of tomato bushes reaches 2,5 m.
Tapestries of summer kitchen
I made wooden hinged lightweight screens (Fig. 8) for a summer kitchen canopy from the waste of wooden lining. Screens here are not only a decorative element of design: they serve as good wind protection and support for climbing plants.
It took me several hours to make and install all the decorative grilles. I sawed the boards of the lining into two equal planks with a width of 5 cm. I connected the diagonal and framing planks with nails (screws). To protect against atmospheric precipitation, all wooden elements were coated with protective varnish-based impregnation. To the details of the canopy (beams - at the top, the cast-iron fence - at the bottom), the trellis was fastened with a mounting metal tape and 6 mm wire hooks.
See also: Pergola for the garden with their own hands for one day (option 2)
Fig. 4. Pergola at the entrance of the house: 1 - fence post; 2 - stand of pergola from pipe 0 80 mm; 3 - longitudinal run; 4 - beams pergolas from pipes 25 mm.
Fig. 5. Collapsible support for Jerusalem artichoke: 1 - steel reinforcement 30 mm; 2 is a cable.
Fig. 6. Support scheme for raspberries and blackberries: 1 - stand made of steel pipe 0 40 mm; 2 - Cross-members of steel pipes 40 mm; 3 - cables in plastic sheath; 4 - turnbuckles.
Fig. 7. The structure of the frame for gartering plants in the greenhouse: 1 - cross-bar made of steel pipe 0 40 mm; 2 - cables in plastic sheath; 3 - device for tensioning the cable; 4 - a greenhouse framework barrel, used for suspension construction of cables; 5 - a suspension from a knitting wire.
Fig. 8. Arrangement of a decorative grill for a summer kitchen shed: 1 - slats with a width of 50 mm; 2 - the strapping of the bars of a width of 50 mm.
Tapestry for climbing roses.
Flowers
For high climbing roses I use several types of trellis. The most popular - trellis, consisting of racing aluminum tubes (waste after reconstruction of the greenhouse). A plastic net is attached to them, to which I tie the plant.
In conclusion, I will say that I made all the designs based on purely practical considerations. They do not pretend to a special design, but nevertheless in spring and summer the entire plot turns out to be green, not inferior in appearance to manors with expensive firm designs.
© Author: Ivan Stoletov, Grodno. Belarus. Drawings V. Voronin
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I propose the idea of a simple construction of fastening the stems of berry plants to the supporting wire or trellis.
He made his “discovery” by accident: in the summer, he cut lining for supports under the branches of apple trees from an old hose. After work, there are a few rings about 5 mm wide (see photo 1). I looked at them, appreciated the size and strength, cut it on one side under an incline - and got ready fastenings for the “garter” of raspberry branches, grapes, and roses to supports.
Working with these rings is very convenient. First, he strung a couple of dozen on a wire, which he hung around his neck like a necklace, and already on a raspberry jam he removed the ring (pulling it with a little effort in the right direction) and, spreading the ends with his fingers, girded the raspberry stalk and wire (see photo 2).
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Tapestry from a bicycle wheel
I found an application for a bicycle that had served, making from its rims a trellis for weaving plants. From both ends of the column he planted one rim and dug a column into the ground so that the bottom rim would remain
in 10 cm from its surface. Between the rims in the holes of the spokes pulled hemp twine - and so on the entire diameter of the wheel. Seeds of vegetables sow around the wheel - very convenient!
TIP: The lower rim would be easier to just put on the ground, and hammer the column exactly in the center. But when watering the beds, the rim begins to rust. Therefore, I fasten it so that it does not touch the soil.
Nikolay Khramtsov, Orsha district