Biofertilizers - application and manufacture by own hands
Contents ✓
- ✓ Do not conquer nature, and learn from her
- ✓ GROUPS AND TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
- ✓ Bacterial fertilizers
- ✓ Fungal fertilizers
- ✓ Fertilizer from yeast
- ✓ Fertilizer on yeast with your hands - video
- ✓ Fertilizers based on EM technologies
- ✓ EM fertilizer with your own hands: video
- ✓ Humic fertilizers
- ✓ Biohumus
- ✓ VERMIKOMPOST "TEA"
- ✓ Vermicompost tea with their own hands
- ✓ Effective universal bio-fertilizer with your own hands - video
How to make and how to use biofertilizers
Half a century ago, the main goal in the agrarian sector was proclaimed as chemicalization. In a short period of time dozens of industries were built, which produced nitrogen, potassium and phosphoric fertilizers in millions of tons. To some extent, it has been possible to increase the yield of many crops, however, as it turned out, this approach has its own "ceiling".
In addition, especially with illiterate use, mineral fats change the structure and acidity of the soil not for the better. This is especially true for poorly soluble phosphorus compounds, which become ballast in the fertile layer.
Change the situation with the fertility of the soil became possible with the development of biotechnology. Their history, by the way, is more than 100 years: at the very end of the XIX century in Germany a patent was received for the world's first microbial fertilizer "Nitragin", which was a "broth" of nodule bacteria that live in nature on the roots of legumes.
Subsequently, microbiological fertilizers were developed that transformed the phosphorus present in the soil or introduced into other crops into a form accessible to plants.
However, the vast majority of produced biofertilizers were intended for large-scale agricultural production and for crops that horticulturists and truck farmers almost never grew from amateurs: cereals, fodder legumes, flax, soybeans, etc.
Many decades passed before biofertilizers began to be produced not only for vegetable, fruit and berry crops, but also in small-capacity packaging - for use by private traders in small summer cottages and household plots.
Do not conquer nature, and learn from her
What is essence of biofertilizers? The main thing is that the very approach to complex processes that occur in the biosphere has changed. Scientists abandoned attempts to conquer nature, forcibly forcing them to "eat" dishes that, according to the person's understanding, are useful to her. Researchers began to study attentively the relationships of plants, useful microorganisms and fungi, which help each other in the struggle for existence.
And here the notion of the rhizosphere - a zone located in close proximity to the roots of plants - comes to the fore. They not only serve for nutrition, but also release various substances into the soil: mineral and organic compounds, including sugars, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes.
In addition, plants continuously drop dead cells and root hairs from the root surface, which also serve as a good source of nutrition for microorganisms. This contributes to their active reproduction: a huge number of microbes are concentrated in the rhizosphere - there are many times more of them here than in soil lacking roots. So, if on a soddy-podzolic soil in 1 g they usually contain about 2,5 million, then under the crops of wheat the number of microorganisms increases to almost 2 billion!
Microorganisms of the rhizosphere play a big role in plant nutrition. In the soil where microorganisms are destroyed, for example, by the method of sterilization under the influence of high temperatures, plants grow poorly, despite the necessary mineral elements in the soil composition. This behavior of plants is explained by the fact that they assimilate nutrients mainly in the form of a solution.
And in soil, most of the mineral and organic compounds of plants are inaccessible, because it is in an insoluble form. And microorganisms act as qualified "chemists": by complex reactions (in particular, by isolating various acids and carbon dioxide) they gradually transfer many of these compounds into a form accessible to plants. Thus, under the influence of microbes, the fertility of the soil rises.
As a result of research and new developments, preparations containing effective strains of microorganisms appeared that improve soil fertility naturally, and also help cultivated plants obtain nutrients from the soil that are not available without such interference.
Thanks to this approach, biofertilizers not only do not clog soil, but also restore its fertility, promote the removal of harmful substances and microorganisms, enrich the earth with useful bacteria and fungi.
The health activity of beneficial bacteria is also in increasing the immune forces of the plants themselves, which makes it easier to resist the pathogenic processes. The stress tolerance of plants increases, and, consequently, their well-being improves and growth accelerates.
Therefore, biofertilizers are absolutely safe for the natural environment, they guarantee the ecological purity of the cultivated products, which makes it possible to classify it as the highest quality category.
GROUPS AND TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
Any classification of biofertilizers is relatively arbitrary, since one and the same agent can carry features of several species at once. And nevertheless it is possible to allocate the following groups:
- bacterial fertilizers;
- fungal fertilizers;
- fertilizer based on EM technology;
- humic fertilizers;
- biohumus.
With further consideration of these species, the characteristics of their best representatives will be given, as well as recommendations for application.
Biofertilizers do not accumulate in the soil and do not lie in it with unnecessary ballast. As a rule, their consumption is much lower than that of organic and mineral fertilizers - sometimes one sachet with a capacity of 0,5 kg is enough to improve soil fertility throughout the country. But even if the norm recommended by the manufacturers is exceeded, no negative consequences will occur, since there is nothing in the composition of biofertilizers that can become foreign to the soil.
Bacterial fertilizers
As you know, the triad of elements - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - has the greatest influence on plant nutrition. The first element is most quickly washed out of the soil, the second is most often found in sparingly soluble (and therefore inaccessible to plants) form. And only potassium relatively easily passes into the soil solution and remains in the soil for a long time.
This determined the search for a science that, when developing biofertilizers, focused on increasing the availability of soil with nitrogen and phosphorus.
NITRAGIN
The most studied are the nodule bacteria. They were taken to "service" by a man, when he noticed the interaction that exists in nature between leguminous plants and microorganisms. Nodule bacteria form small thickenings on the roots, literally stuffed with nitrogen. This is a kind of payment for the nutrients received from plants by bacteria. And they are able to catch nitrogen from atmospheric air.
Science once found ways to grow nodule bacteria on a massive scale and produce bacterial fertilizer from them nitragin. However, it can only be used in relation to legumes, each species having to correspond to its own type of bacteria.
Nitragin under various brands are produced mainly for use on an industrial scale. In particular, they carry out pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and they are introduced into the soil itself.
Nitragin with his own hands
However, this fertilizer can also be produced independently for use in a dacha or homestead land. To do this, take 1 kg of fertile soil with a pH of not lower than b, add a glass of sand and 1 st. l. lime, chalk or tooth powder and mix well.
For each crop there must be a soil mixture. After humidification (1 a glass of water per 1 kg of soil), fill this jar with this primer so that the soil occupies two thirds of the container in it. The soil is best steamed for 15 minutes, and then cooled. This is done in order to suppress the pathogenic microflora, which can damage useful bacteria.
From the roots of 5-6 the most powerful flowering plants of beans, peas, beans (with each separately) are to clog nodules. They should be well-formed, white or pink (green should not be taken). They are placed in a bowl (each kind in their own), poured cold boiled water into it, washed the nodules, dried, and then pressed with a porcelain pestle in a bowl (you can use a clean wooden spoon). The resulting cake is poured cold boiled broth from peas or beans (50 g on 2 glass of water, boil 15 minutes).
As a result, a culture of nodule bacteria is obtained, which must be introduced into a vessel with soil (recall that each species should be in a separate container). To avoid further confusion, a label must be affixed to each vessel indicating the culture and the date of preparation. Vessels should be tightened with a polyethylene film with two or three holes and put in a warm dark place for a week. This is enough to prepare the drug. However, it is possible to increase the number of bacteria. To do this, after 7-8 days of initial maturation in each vessel, add another 10 ml of broth and leave for a week.
The resulting preparations can be dried by spreading on sheets of paper or cardboard in a shaded place, and left until the next spring for seed treatment. In spring, the seeds of legumes are soaked by adding 1-1 tbsp. To 2 liter of water. l nitragin. Such treatment should be carried out in a shaded place, and the seeds should be sown immediately.
You can also use an easier way: to assemble the roots (only healthy) of those legumes that are planned to be fertilized in the future. They are cleaned from the ground, washed, dried in a dry dark place, and then ground and grinded on a hand mill. In this form, the fertilizer is ready for use, and when stored in a packed form in a dry, cool, dark place at a temperature of 0 to 10 degrees of heat, it can be used for two years without loss of life-force. All this time the bacteria will be in a "sleepy" state. The treatment is the same as in the first case, but the dose should be increased to 3-4 st. l.
It should be emphasized that nitragin, including "home" preparation, can be used only on legumes of its kind and no other!
See also: Urgasa own hands at home - cooking fertilizer
AZOTOBACTERIN
A wider spectrum of action in azotobacterin - the second representative of bacterial fertilizers. It can be used for any crops except legumes by applying with seeds treated with the preparation or directly into the soil. As practice has shown, the yield increase from the use of this fertilizer is 20-30%. It is used on well-cultivated, moist soils for cereals, industrial crops, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, and corn.
Along with the enrichment of the soil with nitrogen, Azotobacterin has a depressing effect on the phytopathogenic fungi that cause plant diseases.
Since the bacteria in this fertilizer are settled in a medium consisting of humus or peat, these substances also have a beneficial effect on increasing the fertility of the soil, supplying it with organic substances and microelements.
"A3Used"
Recently, the liquid universal microbiological fertilizer Azotovit appeared on sale in containers that are convenient for use by summer residents and homeowners - plastic bottles with a capacity of 200 ml. The preparation contains microorganisms of nitrogen bacteria in a fairly high concentration: 5 billion per 1 sm2.
According to the manufacturer, fertilizer is multifunctional. Complexly affecting the plants, it stimulates the development of their vegetative organs, suppresses the phytopathogenic microflora (including fungal nature), significantly reduces the content of harmful nitrates in fruits, increases the resistance of treated plants to unfavorable climatic conditions (drought, prolonged waterlogging, frosts, swings temperatures), as well as sun and chemical burns and mechanical damage to tissues. In general, the use of "Azotovit" can increase the yield to 40%.
But an analogue of such a fertilizer can be prepared independently. A glass of water must be mixed with 1 kg of fertile humic soil, 5 g superphosphate and 1 st. l. chalk or lime. All this is well mixed and placed in a wide flat cup with an even layer of thickness no more than 10 cm. The surface should be moist, shiny.
For presowing seed treatment 50 ml (1 measuring cap - 10 ml) should be mixed with 30 ml of water. Soaking lasts 30 minutes, while direct sunlight should be avoided. Tubers or bulbs are sprayed with such a solution or dipped in it.
Top dressing of vegetable, garden, ornamental, flower crops and lawns is carried out twice a month, diluting 50 ml of the drug in 10 l of water. This amount is sufficient for 10 mg landings.
Close the resulting mass of sunlight with paper or cloth, place in a cellophane bag and put in a warm place for 7 days. In a week the entire surface of the soil will be covered with mucus. It developed Azotobacter. The preparation is ready for use. It can be poured under any crops or left for seed treatment next year, then the drug should be dried. In the spring it can be used to dust the seeds when planting on seedlings, to introduce into the soil greenhouses and greenhouses.
PHOSPHOROBACTERIN
The name of this type of bacterial fertilizer speaks for itself. The microorganisms contained in this preparation are capable of accumulating and transmitting phosphorus to plants in an organic form accessible to them. Phosphorobacterin contains a microorganism - a spore-forming cabbage stick, which is grown in special apparatuses, and the resulting mass of microbes is dried and mixed with white clay. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain this fertilizer at home.
"PHOSPHATE"
Until recently, phosphorobacterin was produced only for the needs of "large" agriculture. However, a novelty has recently appeared for gardening enthusiasts as well - the Phosphatovit universal liquid microbiological fertilizer, which is packaged in 200 ml plastic bottles. 1 cm3 The drug contains up to 120 million viable spores of cabbage bacillus. These bacteria convert insoluble compounds of phosphorus and potassium into a form accessible to plants, synthesize biologically active substances: vitamins, macro- and microelements, phytohormones, providing plant nutrition and their protection from fungal diseases. Fertilizer, mainly, contributes to the development of the root system of plants. All this allows increasing the yield up to 40%.
Phosphatovit is also used in the same doses as Azotovit. The manufacturer recommends using both of these fertilizers, which complement each other.
RYSOTORFIN AND AMB
This type of bacterial fertilizer, which is also produced for large volumes of agricultural work, relates to accelerators of decomposition of humus substances. Risotorfin and AMB are used to form a mass of organic fertilizers and create a protective layer of soil. Unlike fertilizers - nitrogen and phosphorus accumulators, bacteria actively interact with the environment into which they enter and process it into a trace element form accessible to plants. In combination with azotobacterin, the preparations show excellent results of combined effects on the plant.
The production technology of AMB fertilizer (stands for autochthonous or native microflora B - the name was invented by the author, Russian microbiologist N. M. Lazarev) is quite complicated, because a specially grown uterine culture of a whole group of bacteria is required.
Risotorfin own hands
But rhizotorfin can be prepared independently. First, leaven is made. In summer, a metal barrel painted black is filled by a third with finely chopped weeds, grass, plant debris, poured to the mass level with water and tightly closed with a lid. The container is placed in the sun, and when fermentation begins (this is evidenced by the putrid smell of methane), add water, leaving a third of the barrel empty. This fluid level is constantly maintained. In warm weather, the sourdough ripens in 8-10 days, and in cold weather in 3-4 weeks. The container is filled to the brim with water and thoroughly mixed. Such a starter culture is poured into a compost pit, with a third of the liquid left to repeat the process.
"EXTRASOL" AND "BISOLBIFIT"
These biofertilizers (the first is liquid, the second is dry) were developed by the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology. Preparations originally created for use in professional agricultural enterprises have now become available for amateur gardeners. They are packaged in 250 ml and 50 g respectively.
Both forms of the drug are created on the basis of selection of natural highly effective strains of bacteria living in the root zone. They are able to produce substances that inhibit the development of pathogens of most fungal and bacterial diseases of cultivated plants. Bacteria enhance the immunity of plants and increase their resistance to stress. Microorganisms of these biofertilizers synthesize growth-stimulating substances and significantly improve the formation of the root system, especially at the start of development. At the same time, fertilizers are more effectively absorbed by plants.
"Extrasol" is used for the following types of work:
- the shedding of substrates for the cultivation of seedlings on the basis of peat in order to enrich them with a useful microflora, without which it is impossible to fully nourish the plants, and to suppress the pathogenic fungal microflora. The substrate is wetted with an 0,1% solution of 2-3 times during the spring season;
- growth-promoting and anti-stress treatment of seedlings: spraying to a permanent place with a 1% solution: for the first time in the phase of two real (not cotyledonous) leaves, then once every two weeks;
- preventive protective strait of soils in greenhouses and greenhouses, beds, as well as the near-trunk zone of trees and shrubs 0,1% solution at the rate of 5-8 l at 1 m2;
- spring restorative treatment of indoor flowers: shedding soil 0,1% solution once every two weeks, spraying the crown once a month with 1% solution;
- short-term soaking of the root system of seedlings and seedlings when planting in a constant place in the vessel with 5% solution to block the development of pathogenic microflora and stimulate the development of the root system;
- treatment of tree crowns, shrubs at the end of flowering to increase the tying of flowering buds of the next year and prevent the spectrum of fungal and bacterial diseases;
- Growth-stimulating and preventive treatment of perennial flowers and strawberries by spraying 1% solution;
- strait 1% solution of last year's compost to accelerate the processes of mineralization, humification and saturation of microflora useful for plants.
"BisolbiFit" is used somewhat differently. In the spring, before sowing, seeds, tubers or bulbs need to be sprinkled with the drug at the rate of 1 tsp. on 50 ml of water - on 100 g of inoculum or soak it for 20-30 minutes in a solution prepared at the rate of 5 tsp. of the drug on 100 ml of warm water.
When seedlings of the first 2-3 leaves appear on the seedlings, the first spraying of the solution should be carried out at the rate of 5 tsp. on 1 l of water, then carry out the procedure every two weeks.
When transplanting transplants into a permanent place, plant roots should be dipped in a solution (5 tsp for 1 L of water) just before planting into the soil. The roots of seedlings before planting on a permanent place are recommended to be placed in a solution of the same concentration for 12-24 hours.
In summer, it is recommended to dissolve the drug package (50 g) in 5 l of water and treat all plants using any type of sprayer. The flow rate of the working solution is 200-300 ml per 1 mg. During the season, it is advisable to conduct at least 2-3 treatments on open ground crops, and in greenhouses and hotbeds it is best to do this every 9-12 days.
To prepare solutions of the drug "Active Growth" (this is the second name of "BisolbiFit"), the required amount of the drug is diluted in a given volume of water with constant stirring. Use clean water with an optimum temperature of 15-22 degrees. The working solution is prepared immediately before processing and must be used on the day of preparation. Without mixing, solutions of biologics are stable for 30 minutes.
Fungal fertilizers
The vast majority of plants live in close cooperation with mushrooms, and it is not only trees and shrubs, but also grasses.
This symbiosis is called mycorrhiza (root mushroom). These fungi secrete specific substances - auxins, which contribute to the growth of plants. They also produce various organic acids (malic, glycolic, oxalic), which, destroying soil minerals, release plant nutrients from them, such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, cobalt, zinc and others. Plants themselves without mushrooms are not able to independently extract these elements from minerals. In addition, hyphae (filamentous formations) of fungi provide plants with vitamins, growth hormones, some enzymes and other substances useful for plants.
There are also fungi-saprophytes, which, inhabited in the surface layer of the soil, decompose organic remains with the help of special enzymes, and the mineral substances formed as a result of such processing are consumed by plants. Useful fungi are also a "raw material" for the production of biofertilizers, although here science has not advanced as far as in the development of bacterial preparations.
«GLOBIOM BIOTA MAX»
Of the fertilizers that are of interest to owners of cottages and household plots, one can distinguish a relatively new product that has appeared on the market - Globioma Biota Max. It contains bacteria, but most importantly - 4 species of fungi from the genus Trichoderma. They play the role of “antibiotics” that kill harmful fungi and protect the soil and plants from parasites.
This fertilizer is produced in the form of easily soluble effervescent tablets. One piece is enough to process 10 hundred garden or garden. But it is allowed to use only a part of the tablet without losing the remaining fraction of its properties, since bacteria and fungi are in a "dormant" state and are only awakened when they enter the water. Advantages of the biopreparation "Globioma Biota Max" are as follows:
- in the depleted soil, when the remedy is introduced, the microflora is restored, which raises the yield level to the normal state, and on healthy soil (or restored with the same drug), the use of biofertilizer promotes an additional increase in yield;
- increases the resistance of the soil to the washing out of nutrients and especially nitrogen (usually in a season of soil, about 80% of nitrogen fertilizers);
- plant protection against fungal diseases, in particular, black scab of tubers, late blight, fusarium, verticillin wilt, root, stem and fruit rot, is strengthened - with regular use of the drug, crop loss can be avoided;
- by increasing the solubility of minerals, the assimilation of nutrients by plants is easier, their growth is more efficient;
- the transformation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form assimilated by plants makes it possible to reduce fertilizing with mineral fertilizers;
- the phytohormones produced by bacteria and fungi help the accelerated growth of plants, which is especially important in climatic zones with relatively short warm periods during the year or with difficult weather conditions;
- the density of root hairs increases and the death of the root system slows down, which enables plants to more actively absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil and form larger and qualitative fruits;
- application of the drug solution is easily combined with any liquid fertilizers or plant protection products, except fungicides, the need for which practically disappears.
Due to its natural origin, the drug allows you to get healthy, environmentally friendly products, which is especially important for the cultivation of high-quality products by organic farming.
The method of fertilizer application is very convenient. For the treatment of seeds (for planting on 25 sotok), one tablet in 1-2 l of water should be diluted, and the resulting concentrated solution should be diluted in the amount of water necessary for seed treatment. If the seeds are less, then, according to their quantity, it is necessary to take only part of the tablet. After this, you must moisten or sprinkle seeds, evenly mix them, wait 5 minutes, and then dry. After that, the seeds are ready for planting.
For the presowing treatment of soil from a single tablet (on 10 acres of land), it is necessary to prepare the concentrate in the same way as in the first case. Then it should be dissolved in 100-200 l of water, depending on the method of irrigation: spraying, drip irrigation, sprinkling, simple irrigation. With this working solution, treat the soil for 1-3 days before planting. It is also recommended that the soil is treated with a working solution after harvesting.
For fertilizing plants, a working solution of the same concentration is prepared as for pre-sowing tillage. Watering is carried out in the near-trunk circle of the plant, depending on its height;
Plant height, cm |
Diameter of the circle for irrigation, cm |
30-60 |
30 |
90-150 |
60 |
180-300 |
90 |
330-600 |
120-150 |
For the processing of trees used by 10, and berry bushes-according to 5 l of the working solution.
Exceeding the consumption rate is not harmful, but more beneficial for the soil and plants. When preparing solutions, chlorinated water should not be used. Biofertilizer should not be used simultaneously with fungicides. Treatment with a solution of a biological product is recommended to be carried out at night or in cloudy weather to prevent damage from the sun's ultraviolet rays of beneficial bacteria and fungi. The shelf life of the working solution is 14 days at temperatures from 0 to 25 degrees Celsius.
«POSTMOTHEHT»
By their nature, fungi are also various types of yeast - baker's, brewer's, wine, alcohol. On their basis, the bio-fertilizer "Rostmoment" is produced, although the manufacturer positions it as a "bioregulator and stimulator of plant life." However, he promises the following benefits:
- a significant increase in the yield of vegetable and cereal crops, an increase in the nutritional value of the fruit and the extension of the period of storage of the crop;
- acceleration of development, growth, passage of physiological phases, earlier flowering and activation of generation of generative organs;
- Increase of protective functions of plants to negative weather conditions (recurrent frosts, drought, waterlogging and salinization of soil);
- strengthening the protective functions of plants to diseases and pest damage;
- mitigation of the inhibitory effect of chemical preparations (pesticides) on plant protection in complex treatments;
- reduction of the consequences of stress factors during transplantation - the seedlings become stable and perfectly take root when picking and transplanting into open ground.
The preparation is used by watering and spraying plants. To prepare the working fluid, the calculated norm of the preparation is stirred in a small amount of water until a homogeneous suspension is obtained and left for 30 minutes. Then pour into a working container and add water to the desired volume, and then proceed to processing. The working suspension is prepared immediately prior to treatment. The treatment of plants is carried out by sprayers of any type. In the period of manufacturing the working suspension it is recommended to use work clothes.
Recommendations for the application of "Rostmomen" for specific crops are also given.
Cucumber protected ground... Watering of seedlings is carried out with 0,1% working liquid in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, repeated watering - 2-3 weeks after planting in the greenhouse. The consumption of the drug is 0,25 g per plant (per 250 ml of water). Spraying is carried out with 1% working liquid during the fruiting period and 7-10 days after this treatment. Drug consumption - 1,5-2 g / m2 (at 150-200 ml).
Cucumber in open ground conditions... Watering of seedlings is carried out with 0,1% working liquid in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, repeated watering - 2-3 weeks after planting in the ground. The consumption of the drug is 0,25 g per 1 plant (per 250 ml of water). Spraying with 1% working liquid is carried out at the beginning of fruit formation and 10-12 days after this treatment, the consumption of the drug is 1 g / m2 (at 100 ml).
Tomato in protected soil conditions... Watering of seedlings is carried out with 0,1% working liquid in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, repeated watering - 14 days after planting in the ground. The consumption of the drug is 0,25 g per 1 plant (per 250 ml of water). Spraying with 1% working fluid 21-28 days after planting in the greenhouse, again - after 14-21 days, drug consumption -1 g / m2 (at 100 ml).
Garden strawberry... Watering with 0,1% working liquid is carried out in the phase of leaf regrowth, the consumption of the drug is 0,2 g per plant (per 200 ml). Spraying with a working liquid of the same concentration in the phase of the beginning of bud separation.
Potato... Spraying of potato crops is carried out in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering. Drug consumption - 0,3 g /m2 (for 30 ml). The yield increases by 20-25%, the average mass of tubers - by 3-5%, the starch content in them increases. Helps to reduce damage from Colorado potato beetle and wireworm. Substantially
the damage of potato plants to major diseases is reduced, in particular, the rate of degeneration of planting material is reduced.
Peas... Spraying of pea crops is carried out in the budding phase. Drug consumption - 0,25 g / m2 (250 ml). The number of beans on plants increases by 15-20%, and their non-relative weight - by 8-10%.
Fruit trees. The use of "Rostomenta" is carried out at one time with phytosanitary treatments against diseases and pests in early spring. Repeated spraying is carried out during the budding period. At the end of flowering, repeated spraying is performed to enhance photosynthesis and improve the quality of the fruit. For spraying one large tree, a solution of 10 g per 10 l of water is used. To strengthen the work of the root system, it is advisable to water the near-well territory with the same solution twice for vegetation (in the spring, when the trees are blown and again during the budding period).
Flowers.
When growing flower-decorative crops (dahlias, lilies, tulips, roses, hyacinths, clematis, etc.) with the use of "Rostmomen" increases the number of flowers on plants, improves their presentation, increases resistance to disease. Spraying of vegetating plants is carried out with a solution of 10 g per 10 l of water in the budding phase.
Eggplants, sweet peppers, cabbage, carrots, onions... Watering of seedlings is carried out in the phase of 1-2 true leaves. Re-watering - in 10-12 days. Preparation consumption -1 g / m2 (at 100 ml). After landing, spraying with the same working solution with an interval of 10-12 days.
Lawns, seedlings, mushrooms... Spraying of lawns is carried out with a solution of "Rostmoment" at the rate of 10 g per 10 l of water per one hundred square meters during spring spraying. Repeatedly - two weeks after the haircut.
When planting seedlings of trees and shrubs - 10 g per 10 liters of water. It is necessary to dip the root system of the seedlings into the finished liquid and transfer it to the place intended for planting, water the plant with the same solution after planting. Again - 10 days after disembarkation. It is advisable to repeat watering in August for better wintering of plants.
In the technology of growing mushrooms (champignons, veshenok) for increasing yield and obtaining cleaner environmental products, the "Rostmorent" is also used.
In the fermentation phase, when preparing the substrate, it is moistened with a working solution (10 g per 10 L of water). In the pasteurization phase, when forming the substrate, as well as introducing the mycelium and then coating the compost surface with paper, the treatment is repeated. In the phase of deposition of the integumentary earth several times watering is carried out at the rate of 10 g per 20 l of water. "Rostmorment" in the technology of growing mushrooms allows for 20-40% to increase the yield of marketable products.
Reference by topic: Crop rotation - tables and charts
Fertilizer from yeast
Fertilizer from yeast can also be prepared independently. Traditionally, such feeding is prepared as follows: 1 kg baked pressed or, as people say, live yeast it is necessary to dilute in 5 l of water, insist 3-4 hours, and before use dilute with water in the ratio 1: 10.
Instead of pressed, yeast can also be used. In this case, the feeding is prepared from the calculation of 10 g for 10 l of warm water with the addition of 3-5 st. l. sugar (so that the microorganisms come to life). To increase the effect of fertilizing to this solution, you can add on 0,5 kg of wood ash and chicken manure. The resulting liquid must be allowed to infuse for 2-3 hours, and then diluted with water, but in the ratio 1: 5.
You can give a wander "kvass" on the basis of yeast. It is done this way: 100 g of pressed yeast and half a glass of sugar must be dissolved in 3 l of warm water, then cover with gauze and leave for a week for fermentation. When this time is over, "kvass" is diluted with water at the rate of 1 glass on 10 l of water.
If yeast is not on hand, it can be made from hop cones. They will need a glass. The raw materials are poured into a saucepan, pour 1,5 liters of boiling water and cook over low heat for an hour. After this time, the broth is allowed to cool, and then filtered through cheesecloth folded in two layers. To the cooled liquid, add 2 tbsp. l. wheat flour and sugar. After - put on fermentation for two days in a dark warm room. During this time, the mass begins to actively ferment, then two boiled potatoes should be chopped on a fine grater, added to the "mash" and left to ferment for another day.
There is another way of getting yeast. 1 kg of wheat grains should be soaked for 24 hours for swelling and appearance of seedlings. Using a blender or a meat grinder to grind the grain, add 5-6 as well. l. sugar and a small amount of flour, bringing the consistency to the state of thick sour cream. After this, simmer 15-20 for a minute, allow to cool and leave to start the fermentation process. Dilute both of these fertilizers before fertilizing plants at the rate of 1 glass on 10 l of water.
In all cases, you should not pour all these funds without measure for plants - 1 liter for each is enough. You should also not add funds to unheated soil, since yeast needs heat to ensure normal operation, and it simply will not work in cold soil.
You can start feeding from early spring, supplying seedlings with food. The first fertilization should be done after picking it, thanks to which the seedlings will stretch less. And then you can feed the seedlings a week after planting in a permanent place - thanks to this, the process of development of the root system is activated. The next feeding is done before flowering. At the same time, there is no need to get carried away with yeast feeding - 2-3 treatments per season will give a good effect.
Most plants react positively to such nutrition. For example, it allows you to get rid of gray rot on the strawberry strawberry. But it is not recommended to feed potatoes, the tubers of which acquire excessive looseness and are poorly stored, as well as onions and garlic.
A feature of yeast fertilizers is the ability to "wash out" of the soil a significant amount of potassium. To avoid this trouble, it is recommended to introduce wood ash together with yeast top dressing.
Fertilizer on yeast with your hands - video
Fertilizers based on EM technologies
EM technology is named so because it uses so-called effective microorganisms that are capable of increasing the fertility of soils of any type and, due to this, dramatically increase the yield of most crops. At the same time, pesticides and mineral fertilizers are not used at all.
The Russian scientist Yu. A. Slashchinin expressed the essence of this process in the book "Reasonable farming": "In the soil not poisoned by chemistry, there is a huge number of bacteria: more than 20 tons per hectare. Approximately the same number of worms and other animals live in it. By mass, this is equal to a herd of cows in one hundred heads. Since the life of bacteria is short, lasts an average of 20 minutes, then after death, the protein mass enters the plants, forming a crop. The more bacteria and worms in the soil, the higher its fertility. "
However, the foundations of technology and the very concept of effective microorganisms were developed by the Japanese microbiologist, Professor T. Hig. He was able to grow and test a group of 80 microorganisms belonging to 5 families.
Photosynthetic bacteria, using sunlight and soil heat as sources of energy, produce useful substances from the root secretions of plants, organic substances and gases: amino acids, nucleic acids, biologically active substances and sugars that promote the growth and development of plants. They are absorbed by plants and other useful microorganisms, whose population is increasing.
Yeast on this basis synthesize hormones and enzymes that stimulate the growth of the root system of plants, and also release substances for the following groups of microorganisms.
Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid from sugar and other carbohydrates produced by photosynthetic bacteria and yeast. It inhibits harmful microorganisms and accelerates the decomposition of various organic residues.
Actinomycetes, which in their structure are in an intermediate position between bacteria and fungi, create substances like antibiotics from the amino acids released by photosynthetic bacteria, and thereby inhibit the growth of harmful fungi and bacteria.
And, finally, fermenting mushrooms actively decompose organic substances, producing ethyl alcohol, esters and antibiotics. These substances adversely affect the development of harmful insects and their offspring.
Apparently, everything is interconnected in nature: every group of useful microorganisms interacting with "neighbors" performs its function, while the effectiveness of their "work" does not add up, but multiplies. There is a formation of soil humus, mineral compounds are decomposed, passing into a form accessible to plants. This explains the ability of EM technology to make the poorest soils fertile.
During the practical use of this technology (almost two decades), its following strengths were noted:
- effective restoration of soil fertility;
- improvement of agricultural crops;
- increased frost resistance of plants;
- significant economic effect in the cultivation of grain and vegetable crops;
- containment of harmful microorganisms;
- saving fertilizers, reducing the required number of pesticides;
- obtaining environmentally friendly food.
Today, the industry produces a large number of different EM drugs, and their number is constantly increasing.
«BAIKAL EM-1»
The most famous among such biofertilizers is "Baikal EM-1". This drug includes several types of microorganisms that can activate the process of improving the soil environment.
The drug is used in garden and garden business since 2000 year and more than once caused admiration of enthusiasts, who in practice became convinced of its effectiveness.
Fertilizer testing was conducted in Russian regions and CIS countries, as well as fundamental research of leading agricultural scientific institutions. It was noted that the application of the preparation with soaking seed and planting material gives an increase in yield by an average of 10% (and sometimes even 60%), another 30% adds sprouting of shoots. And processing plantings on different crops increases the yield from 50 to 150%. Even higher values (from 200 to 600%) give the use of EM compost prepared using fertilizer.
The most effective "Baikal EM-1" for vegetables, potatoes, rice, flowers, sugar beet. The increase in the yield of cucumbers and tomatoes reached two times, green crops, potatoes, onions and garlic - up to one and a half times, cabbage - by a third. At the same time, cucumbers, tomatoes, green plants began to hurt much less. Fruiting lasted, and the fruits themselves became larger, juicy and sweet. Other advantages include increased frost resistance of perennial crops, and a decrease in the number of dangerous pests.
It is interesting that the use of the drug in greenhouses made it possible to "resuscitate" almost any soil without replacing the soil or its heat treatment.
However, there are some difficulties in using this fertilizer. First, you need to prepare the drug from the concentrate "Baikal EM-1". To do this, it must be fermented. This is done as follows: for 3 liters of non-chlorinated boiled water with a temperature of 20-35 degrees, add 3 tbsp. l. molasses, which is sold separately, and a bottle (30 ml) of concentrate. It is allowed to use honey or syrup from any jam instead of molasses. But since honey has a bactericidal effect, it must be added in small portions - 1 tbsp. l. every day, from 3 to 6 au in total. l. depending on the quality of the honey. The solution must be mixed well and kept in a glass container without air access in a warm dark place for a week. 0 readiness of the drug can be judged by the pleasant sour smell.
Only then can an aqueous EM working solution be prepared. So, to prepare 100 liters of an EM solution with a concentration of 1: 1000, it is necessary to pour 100 ml of an EM preparation and 100 ml of molasses or jam (without berries), or jam into 100 liters of water. To obtain 10 l of EM solution 1: 1000 -
in 10 l of water add no 1 st. l. EM-preparation and the same amount of treacle. Store the EM-solution can be no more than 3 days, avoiding direct sunlight. The greatest efficiency is achieved when using EM-solution on the day of preparation.
working aqueous EM-solutions are prepared in various concentrations-from 1: 10 to 1: 5000. For irrigation and spraying of plants in the open ground, for processing seeds, bulbs of floral and ornamental plants, potato tubers, a working solution of 1: 1000 is used. For irrigation of seedlings and houseplants, an EM solution of 1: 2000 is used. For presowing soaking seeds are often used solutions 1: 1000 or 1: 2000. Spring and autumn tillage of soil, free of plants, is carried out by EM-solution 1: 100. To prepare EM compost, use EM solutions 1: 100.
EM Compost Is a concentrate of organic matter fermented with an EM preparation. Manufacturers claim that this is the most productive way to use the organics available (tops, weeds, grass, manure, leaves, sawdust, bone meal, straw, etc.). Unlike conventional compost, which takes years to prepare, EO compost can be used as early as 3-4 weeks after setting. At the same time, it is advisable to grind the tops and rough stems of weeds, and the EM solution should be applied layer by layer, as the heap forms.
The compost is laid in a pit up to 50 cm deep. Every 15-20 cm of crushed organic matter, 3-5 cm of fertile soil (about 10% of the total mass) is poured, which is watered with an EM solution. The optimum humidity should be 50-60%, and the temperature should be 25-30 ° C.
All components are well compacted to reduce air access. After the installation is completed, the collar is covered with plastic wrap, and the edges are sprinkled with earth. You can cover the pile with a layer of grass. Consumption of EM solution - 5 liters per ton of any organic matter.
Fully fermented EM compost can be applied to the top layer of the soil, free of plants, or in the aisles, 0,5-1 kg per 1 m2 monthly, sprinkling with soil or mulching with organic (leaves, weeds, sawdust, etc.).
In the spring, EM compost, prepared in autumn, is applied to beds in the amount of 0,5-10 kg at 1 m2 1,5-2 weeks before sowing (planting) plants, sprinkle with a layer of earth (at least 5 cm) and watered with an EM solution at a concentration of 1: 100-1: 250. Consumption - 2-3 l / 1 m2. Before the application of EM compost, the soil can be treated to a depth of no more than 5-7 cm, cutting off root-root weeds.
In autumn, EM compost is applied to the beds immediately after harvesting in an amount of 0,5-10 kg per 1 m2 and mulched with soil, which must be watered with clean water, and then with EM solution at a concentration of 1: 100. Consumption - 2-3 l / 1 m2.
Summer watering of crops of continuous planting (carrots, beets, green crops, etc.) is made with a "bolt": on a bucket of water -1 kg of EM compost. All is well mixed and filtered, the resulting liquid is diluted with water 1: 10 (10 times). It is watered by soil and plants.
Under the bushes and trees (in the indentations along the perimeter of the plant crowns, done in 4-6 places) EM compost is brought in one shovel and sprinkled with earth. Do this enough once a month.
Put in the soil in the spring, EM compost should be sprinkled with a layer of soil at least 5 cm to avoid "burns" of planted seeds and seedling roots. Fresh compost (when fermenting less than one month), in order to avoid "burns", can not be introduced into the root or stump areas of plants, because increased acidity and concentration of EM can damage the roots. You can not also make EM compost at the same time as chemical fertilizers.
However, recently the effectiveness of biofertilizer "Baikal EM-1" is often questioned. One of the publications cited the data of the examination conducted at the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology. The analysis showed that the preparation contained only 7 strains of microorganisms (we recall that the Japanese scientist had more than 80 of them), most of them lactobacilli and yeast. Therefore, according to experts, "Baikal EM-1" is effective only when decomposing and utilizing plant residues, composting waste.
Perhaps the cooling to this biofertilizer is associated with the influx of a variety of fakes. Therefore, before buying the drug, you need to familiarize yourself with the range and type of products manufactured by 000 "NGO EM-CENTER", located in Ulan-Ude.
BIOROST
To fertilizers put up in a small package, many are mistrustful: how do you "fit" the necessary nutrients for plants in such a small volume? Moreover, they provide a significant area of planting, which producers promise.
Indeed, it all looks fantastic, but until you delve into the chemical and biological aspect of the action of any fertilizers. First of all, it should be noted that plants, as a rule, do not feed directly on the components of organic and mineral fertilizers - they must first undergo "treatment" with beneficial microorganisms. For a long time of evolution, they have formed a kind of mutually beneficial “cooperation with plants: representatives of the flora, with their roots, release amino acids, enzymes, and carbohydrates into the soil, which are necessary for the growth of microorganisms. And those, in turn, by processing the substances contained in the soil, provide a variety of nucleic and amino acids, vitamins, hormones, and other substances that ensure the healthy growth and development of plants.
At the same time, the composition of beneficial bacteria and fungi in soils in different areas may differ, moreover, the place of "helpers" of plants can be taken by their microscopic enemies. And then even the introduction of traditional organic matter - cow and horse manure, chicken manure, compost and, moreover, mineral fertilizers - does not help.
Therefore, the creation of an efficiently operating "company" of beneficial microorganisms is more important for improving the soil, increasing its fertility. It does not require a "bochotar", usually such means are packaged in small bags or bubbles. But each of them is able to replace the effectiveness of tens of kilograms of conventional organic.
One of such preparations - biologically active fertilizer “Biorost” (“PolyFunCur”) - has been mastered in Belarus. This is a multifunctional (acts in conjunction with microorganisms already in the soil) complex, which is based on the microflora that stimulates plant growth, grown on chicken litter dung. Not only does this biofertilizer significantly increase soil fertility, but it also allows you to get good yields not only with a positive, but also with a zero humus balance, that is, when there is practically no fertile soil layer. The fact is that "Biorost" has an effect on the soil both due to the influence of the nutrients it contains, and due to the activation of the soil microflora. Thanks to this, the synthesis of humus occurs.
When using "Biorost" it is important to understand that, firstly, the bacteria work productively only in a humid environment. Secondly, in the process of their vital activity, they form from any (and not only fertile) soil nutrients that are well assimilated by plants. Therefore, the dosage of the drug should be several times less than with the use of organic materials. And most importantly, useful bacteria actively work in the soil 2-3 year after fertilizer application.
It should be noted that the finished fertilizer has a slightly alkaline environment. Therefore, "Biorost" is not suitable for processing beds for crops that require acid soil.
Dry "Biorost" can be evenly scattered over the surface of the beds, then mix well with the soil and water abundantly. This method is especially good in the autumn digging of the garden. As a rule, at this time of year there are rains, the soil is wet and still warm after summer. In such conditions, the bacteria "Biorosta" will actively work until frost, producing nutrients. And in the spring when the snow melts, the soil will be well moistened, warmed by the spring sun, and before planting the plants useful microorganisms will work productively to increase the fertility of the beds.
Dry biorostom can be used to feed plants in late May - early June. Fertilizer works very effectively when applied when planting plants in the following doses:
- vegetable and berry crops -40 ml (2 l.) per well;
- fruit trees and shrubs - 0,5-1 liters per planting pit.
The effect will be maximum if in the excavation dug for planting a small amount of loose fertile soil is poured, add the necessary amount of "Biorost" and mix everything well.
Then pour warm water and mix again. As a result, a hole or a pit for a third of its volume should be filled with a warm mud "bolt". In the liquid mass, small capillary roots begin to work actively almost immediately after planting, and the plants, getting accustomed, do not get sick. At the same time they are immediately provided with moisture and nutrients.
The fertilizing of plants can also be carried out in liquid form. From the package "Biorosta" in the volume 2 l it is possible to prepare 400 l of the working solution. This amount is sufficient for the root feeding of 800 vegetable and berry plants. Thanks to the work of microorganisms, an environment is created in the soil that is favorable for the growth and development of the root system of plants, organic remains of these microbes decompose into compounds that serve as food for plants.
Some of these microorganisms are able to assimilate nitrogen from air and create on its basis the compounds necessary for plants to fully grow and develop. Other beneficial bacteria prevent the development of phytopathogens that can cause plant diseases. Therefore, "Biorost" suppresses the development of diseases such as late blight of tomatoes, cabbage kills, etc. At the same time there is no need to use pesticides.
But you can pre-prepare the concentrate, which is very convenient to use, in addition, fertilizing, made on its basis, most favorably affect the plants.
To prepare the concentrate, it is necessary to take 100 ml of dry biofertilizer "Biorost", pour into a kapron stocking and lower in 2 l a warm, day of standing (without chlorine) water. In this form put in a warm place for 1-2 days, stirring occasionally. After that, the concentrate is ready for use. Apparently, unlike the preparation of the concentrate of the popular preparation "Baikal EM-1", it is not required to additionally introduce sugar-containing substances (molasses, jam, jam).
You can store the biofertilizer concentrate "Biorost" within 3 months (no more) at a temperature of 4-15 degrees of heat and b months at a temperature of 4-6 degrees.
To prepare the working solution, the concentrate is diluted with the settled (without chlorine) water in the ratio 1: 10.
To obtain environmentally friendly products during the use of "Biorosta" it is better to abandon the use of mineral fertilizers, and use pesticides only as a last resort.
By increasing the activity of beneficial microorganisms, "Biorost" provides a 25-75% increase in yield and improves its quality, which is expressed in an increase in the content of nutrients in products. In potatoes, the content of vitamin C increases by 41-45%, and starch - by 25-35%. In grain, the protein content increases by 6-13%.
The sugar content in beets increases by 10,6%, and in carrots, carotenoids - by 26-43%. At the same time, the level of nitrates does not exceed the indicator achieved in the case when the cultivation was carried out without the use of fertilizers at all.
Summarizing the above, we note the following positive qualities of "Biorost":
- improves the quality of the soil - it becomes loose, many worms appear;
- significantly reduces the number of weed plants;
- warms the soil around the roots, promotes their work, preserves the activity, vitality and resistance of plants to stresses, despite low temperatures;
- increases the biomass of soil microorganisms in 1,5-3 times compared with mineral fertilizers;
- increases in 8-10 times the proportion of bacteria that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi;
- increases the intensity of soil respiration in 2-4 times;
- Favorably acts on soil fertility, transfers organic nutrients into a form easily accessible to plants;
- improves the balance of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the soil;
- the content of nitrates remains at the level of the unsuitable variant;
- possesses growth-stimulating properties.
"LIGHTS" AND "REVIVAL"
The preparation "Shine" is intended for root and foliar dressings, and also for the preparation of compost and infusion. But just as with the Baikal EM-1, concentrates must first be prepared. And only then it turns out a solution used for root irrigation, foliar top dressing, spring and autumn tillage. This somewhat complicates the application of this biofertilizer.
At the same time, gardeners and gardeners note the effectiveness of this tool in improving the fertility of the land and increasing the yield of many crops.
It is easier to use bio-fertilizer "Revival". Watering them spend, diluting 10 ml of the drug in 10 l of water, once in 1-2 weeks. With a solution of the same concentration and with the same periodicity, spraying of the plant is carried out, as a result of which they get immunity from a variety of diseases and become more resistant to frost.
For the preparation of compost, the biofertilizer "Revival" is bred at the rate of 100 ml per 10 l of water. Organic waste is laid in layers of height 15-20 cm on a flat surface of the earth and spilled with a ready solution. Compost ripening takes place over 1-2 months, during this time even weed seeds are processed. It is desirable to add a layer of earth between the layers of organic material. 1 l bio fertilizer is consumed at 10 m3 compost.
Soaking seeds in a solution of the drug stimulates their germination and is a preventive measure against diseases. It is done in the usual way, but with the addition of bio fertilizer "Revival". Concentration -1: 1000-1: 2000. For example, potatoes before planting soak for 30 minutes in a solution of 1: 1000. For seeds that require prolonged soaking, the solution should be changed daily.
Growing seedlings with the use of the "Vozrozhdenie" solution helps to strengthen and quickly develop the root system, as a result, a more hardy plant tolerates frosts well. Seedlings are best watered with a weak solution of 1: 1500-1: 2000 once a week. Overdose of the drug in the initial period of development can slow down the growth of plants.
When preparing the soil in spring, 2-3 weeks before planting seeds or seedlings, it is necessary to scatter 30-100 kg of compost prepared using the preparation for one hundred square meters. After loosening, the soil should be shed with a solution of "Renaissance" biofertilizer at a concentration of 1: 500-1: 1000, the consumption per one hundred square meters of land - from 0,1 to 1 liter.
The concentration of the solution depends on the moisture content of the soil, and the consumption depends on its condition. After that, the surface should be covered with straw, hay or black foil. Mulch retains moisture, helps microorganisms to thrive and inhibits weed growth. For 3-7 days before planting, you need to shed the soil again with a solution of biofertilizer at a concentration of 1: 1000, consumption - from 0,1 to 1 liter per hundred square meters.
CONSUMPTION OF "REVIVAL" PREPARATION |
|||||||
Quantity water |
Concentration |
|
|||||
1:100 |
1:250 |
1:500 |
1:1000 |
1:1500 |
1:2000 |
1:5000 |
|
200 ml |
2 ml 46 drops |
0,8 ml 18 drops |
9 drops |
5 drops |
3 drops |
2 drops |
1 drop |
1 l |
10 ml 1 st. l. |
4 ml |
2 ml 46 drops |
1 ml 23 drops |
15 drops |
12 drops |
5 drops |
3 l |
30 ml 4 cap |
12 ml 2 cap |
6 ml 1 cap |
3 ml 0,5 cap |
2 ml 46 drops |
1,5 ml 34 drops |
14 drops |
10 l |
100 ml 0,5 cup |
40 ml 6 caps |
20 ml 3 cap |
10 ml 1 tablespoon |
7 ml 1 cap |
5 ml 1 teaspoon |
2 ml 46 drops |
100 l |
1 liter |
400 ml 2 cup |
200 ml 1 glass |
100 ml 0,5 cup |
67 ml 10 caps |
50 ml 7 caps |
20 ml 3 cap |
EM fertilizer with their own hands
You can prepare an EM-drug, which is called subtilin, independently, and it will have properties similar to the factory ones. It is necessary to boil 150 g of pearly, but not moldy hay in 1 l of water, adding to the capacity 1 tsp. chalk. When boiling, most of the harmful bacteria and fungi die, but the spores of the hay stick remain alive. The solution must be put in a dark warm place.
After three days, a film appears on the surface, which is formed by spores of the rod. This is a signal that the uterine culture is ready. With its help, a solution is prepared, which will be used for processing and watering plants. This is done so.
On a site in a wide capacity, put 1 kg of pile hay, pour a bucket of hot water, add 10 st. l. chalk or lime (they reduce the level of acidity) and pour in the uterine culture. The container is placed in a warm place and covered to prevent direct sunlight. After 3 days, the working solution is ready, and they can be sprayed with plants. This procedure is especially good for cucumbers.
The second recipe: in a barrel to fill 6 buckets of crushed weeds (it is desirable to have nettles, chamomile, plantain and celandine), then add 2 buckets of compost and half a bucket of ash and pour two-thirds of the water. Insist for two weeks. The resulting concentrate must be diluted in the ratio 1: 10.
The third recipe: prepare the leaven, pouring in a three-liter jar warm water, adding a pinch of dry yeast and 5 st. l. Sahara. The solution must be allowed to wander, this takes 2-3 days. The finished liquid is poured into 200-liter barrel, add a shovel of wood or vegetable ash, half a bucket of manure, a bucket of decayed leaves or straw, a compost shovel and as much sand, 1 l of kefir, whey or curdled milk. The remaining volume is filled with water, not reaching about 10 cm to the brim. The mixture should be infused within a week, and the contents of the barrel should be stirred periodically. For feeding, plant in a ratio from 1: 2 to 1: 10.
Reference by topic: Foliar top dressing how to hold and how to cook
EM fertilizer with your own hands: video
Humic fertilizers
The appearance of this extensive class of fertilizers was facilitated by a thorough study of biochemical processes in the soil. Thus, humic substances, which participate in the decomposition of organic compounds and their transformation into elements of fertility, have been isolated.
By analogy with natural humic substances, drugs (humates) with similar properties were created. They are obtained from natural raw materials: peat, brown coal, sapropel. The most known are the humates of sodium and potassium.
Potassium humate has a wide spectrum of action, especially it is effective in the presowing treatment of seeds and tubers, as well as in the rooting of cuttings. On sale you can find potassium humate, enriched with microelements.
Sodium humate increases the stress resistance of plants, as a result of which they do not freeze, they tolerate drought well, their leaves and buds do not fall early. However, this fertilizer is not recommended for use on alkaline soils.
Humic fertilizers improve the soil structure, increase the moisture capacity of the lungs and water permeability of heavy soils, stimulate the growth of the population of microorganisms, enhance the mobility of nutrients, which improves the supply of plants, raising the yield and quality of the fruit.
Humic fertilizers are used in the following cases:
- soaking the seed before sowing;
- treatment of tubers, bulbs, cuttings before planting for better rooting;
- fertilizing seedlings;
- top dressing of plants throughout the growing season.
Fertilizers containing humates are recommended for use on low-fertile sandy and clay soils, they also give good results on calcareous and alkaline soils with low iron content. On fertile chernozems, there is no noticeable effect on these fertilizers, but they help maintain soil fertility.
The humates in the form of a powder are dissolved in 10 l of warm (25-28 degrees) water. For the preparation of a fertilizer solution, 5-6 g of dry matter is sufficient.
Liquid humic drug can be of different concentrations, therefore, during application, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions, which indicate how much of the drug should be diluted in water. Do not increase the concentration of gu-mat in solutions: this can damage plants.
In the resulting solution, you can soak seeds (tomatoes - for 3 days, cabbage - for 2 days, other vegetables - for a day), potato tubers (for 12 hours) and cuttings before rooting (usually for a day). This solution can also be sprayed on plants to recover from stress and watered under the root to boost immunity and improve fruiting.
Spraying and watering with humates are usually carried out three times per season. In this case, before use humic stimulants can be mixed with all nitrogen, potassium and organic fertilizers. A phosphorus fertilizer should be used separately to avoid the formation of sparingly soluble compounds. For the same reason, humates are not mixed with calcium nitrate. Humates can be combined with insecticidal agents.
Note
The prepared solution of gum-that can be stored for no longer than one week. If humates and fertilizers are used separately, a strict sequence must be observed: first, water the soil well, add a solution of humic substances, and after 3-5 days - fertilize. The efficiency of using humates in greenhouses is much higher than in open ground.
The scheme of processing and dressing plants with humate |
|
Name of culture |
Treatment scheme / fertilizing with humate |
Green, bulbous and root crops |
Evenly 3-4 times during the vegetation period, but not earlier than 1-2 weeks before the start of collection. It is recommended to use special liquid preparations for green crops, for radishes, etc. |
Cucumbers and nightshade (tomatoes, eggplant) |
Drip under the root when planting seedlings from the calculation of 2 l 0,05% solution at 1 m2 at a normal landing density. Then, or pour under the root with the same solution (1-1,5 l / m2), or sprayed at the rate of 3 l / m2 once in two weeks. If the tomatoes develop excess green mass, watering under the root is stopped and only the flower brushes are sprayed. |
All kinds of cabbage, carrots, sweet peppers, beets, pumpkin (squash, squash) |
Feed up the same way as in the previous case, but once a week. |
Fruit and fruit and berry crops |
Sprinkle (until the small droplets precipitate) until leaves bloom, when budding flower buds, at the beginning of budding, immediately after flowering, after the formation of the ovaries and twice in the phase of intensive growth of the fruit. The treatment is stopped no later than two weeks before harvest. |
In the solution of humate, there may remain particles of raw materials that clog the nozzles in the sprayer. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary first to protect the resulting concentrate (for 1-2 days), and then filter the solution through gauze.
ECOROST
This fertilizer is a high content of potassium and sodium salts of humic acids and is produced on the basis of ecologically pure peat. It actively acts at the expense of living bacteria that are in peat.
It looks like a dark brown liquid with a natural smell, containing natural humic substances in a physiologically active state and a balanced complex of micro- and macroelements. When preparing the working solution, it is diluted with water.
Advantages of fertilizer are:
- stimulates the germination of seeds;
- improves the survival of seedlings and adult plants during transplantation;
- stimulates growth, flowering and fruiting;
- provides resistance to diseases;
- accelerates maturation;
- increases yield;
- guarantees the ecological purity of the grown products.
According to the manufacturer, "Eco-growth" at 25-40% reduces the consumption of pesticides, herbicides and mineral fertilizers, reduces acidity and improves the structure of the soil, stimulates the development of all soil microorganisms, which contributes to the intensive growth of humus in the soil, substance.
Council
"Ecorost" is recommended for use in the evening. Do not directly affect the surface of the sun during application of fertilizer.
NANOPLANTS
Universal, environmentally friendly, safe biofertilizer intended for garden crops and indoor plants, is available in bottles of 100 ml.
It is obtained from peat without the use of chemical and heat treatment, which preserves all useful macro and microelements. But the most important thing is that the "NanoPlant" contains the maximum concentration of humic substances (up to 60%) - twice as much as in many other preparations. In the process of using fertilizer gives useful substances gradually, as they are consumed, thereby preserving the necessary stock of these elements in the soil.
According to the manufacturer, the fertilizer has the following properties:
- increases the yield in 2-3 times;
- ensures rapid seed germination and better survival of seedlings;
- increases soil fertility;
- increases the rate of fruit ripening;
- stops soil erosion;
- Removes from the ground the remains of heavy metals and chemical fertilizers.
At the same time, only one or two applications per season are sufficient.
Biofertilizer "NanoPlant" is non-toxic and absolutely safe for humans and animals.
Biofertilizer "NanoPlant" is used at different stages of growing plants.
For soaking seeds 5 ml of the drug is diluted in 1 l of water. The same solution can be used for irrigation when growing seedlings.
When planting seedlings in the soil 50 ml of the drug should be dissolved in 5 l of water and water the plants.
Solanaceous and pumpkin crops (tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, zucchini) - 100 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water (consumption - 1 liter of solution per bush). Watering two times: when planting and when ripe.
Vegetable crops (carrots, beets, potatoes, onions) - 100 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water (consumption - 10 liters of solution per 10 mg). Watering - once at planting.
Berry bushes (raspberries, currants, gooseberries) - 10 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water (consumption -10 liters per 5 bushes). Root watering is done twice a year: in early spring and after flowering. Before the first watering, it is advisable to dig in the bush.
Fruit trees - 10 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water (consumption - 5 liters per tree). Watering is carried out in the same way as for shrubs.
Ornamental trees and shrubs - 10 ml of the preparation per 1 liter of water (consumption - 10 liters per 5 units). Watering is done at the root once a year in spring, the roots should be dug in first.
Transplanting seedlings and bushes - 50 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water (consumption - 10 liters of solution for 2 bushes). Watering - once at the time of transplanting.
Transplanting adult trees - 50 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water (consumption - 10-20 liters of solution per tree). Watering - once at the time of transplanting.
Garden flowers - 10 ml of the preparation per 5 l of water (this amount is enough for 25 m2). Watering - twice a year: in early spring and during the beginning of flowering.
Roses -10 ml of the drug on 1 l of water (consumption -1 l per 1 bush). Watering twice a season.
Lawn - 10 ml of the drug per 100 l of water (consumption - 10 l of solution per 50 m2). Watering at the beginning of the season.
Indoor flowers - 5 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. Watering - twice a year.
The use of biofertilizer completely protects the plant from diseases, fungi, mold. The treated plant gets immunity to all kinds of pests and becomes stress-resistant to bad weather. However, NanoPlant can not be used simultaneously with chemical fertilizers.
SERIES "TELLURA"
Complex humic fertilizers of the Tellura series - multifactorial preparations from natural components - are basic and are serially produced in the form of a liquid concentrate.
"Tellura-M" is a universal preparation of general action, "Tellura-Bio" (while retaining the properties of the previous one) additionally has fungicidal properties. Complex fertilizer "Phoenix" is intended for feeding vegetative plants, as well as for restoring soil fertility.
Peat, bird droppings and biohumus are used as raw materials for these preparations. It is this set of natural raw materials that includes the most complete range of substances in the natural complex.
The developed technology for obtaining preparations excludes hard chemical processing of raw materials, provides for carrying out technological processes at normal temperature and pressure. This is of fundamental importance for the preservation of phytohormones, amino acids and other substances of the natural complex that are sensitive to harsh physical and chemical influences.
Even the fact that the preparations are obtained in liquid rather than dry form is due to the need to maintain high biological activity of the preparations.
"Tellura-M" is a liquid complex humic fertilizer concentrate, balanced in macro- and microelements, containing a spectrum of natural substances that stimulate and regulate plant growth and development - potassium and sodium humates, fulvic acids, auxins, succinic acid, etc. etc.
The preparation is intended for growing grain, vegetable, technical, fruit and berry and ornamental crops, feeding lawn grasses and houseplants.
The complex humic fertilizer "Tellura-Bio" includes also bacteriostatic (stopping the multiplication of harmful microorganisms) proteins and antibiotics.
See also: Preparation of compost-humic mixture by one's own hands
Phoenix is a complex humic fertilizer. It includes (in addition to the substances found in the other two preparations) phytohormones, as well as structure-forming substances - humates of calcium, magnesium and iron. These substances are in the form of a colloidal solution. Their participation in biochemical processes ensures the formation of soil lumps (granules), which determine the structure and water-retaining properties of the soil, which, in turn, improves its air permeability and activates the activity of the soil-forming microflora, i.e., launches the mechanism for restoring the natural soil fertility.
Fertilizer provides plants with a full complex nutrition, protects them from bacterial and fungal diseases.
Seed pre-sowing treatment is carried out with an aqueous solution of "Tellura-M" or "Tellura-Bio" preparations (2 tsp on 1 l of water). It increases the germination capacity and ensures the formation of a more powerful root system in 1,5-2 plants.
When carrying out the presowing treatment, the seeds are placed in a cloth bag or wrapped in cheesecloth, then it is wetted with a working solution of the preparation and, if necessary, it is kept for 24-72 hours (depending on the culture), according to the recommendations on the label. It should be noted that it is advisable to carry out pre-sowing treatment of all seeds: both in growing seedlings and in sowing in the ground.
Such processing affects not only the increase in yield, but also shortens the time from sowing to maturation. For example, carrots usually sprout on 20-21 the day after sowing, and the seed-treated seeds are planted on 11-12 day. After processing, they must be dried and sown during 2-3-x days.
For 5-7 days before the picking or transplanting of seedlings and immediately after its disembarkation to a permanent place it is recommended to water it with a solution of one of the preparations of the series from the calculation of the 0,5 glass of the drug per 10 L of water. Seedlings will not hurt and will quickly grow. When disembarking, 2-3 l solution should be poured into the prepared well and immediately lowered into it the root of the plant with an earthen lump so that it absorbs as much solution as possible. The next root top dressing (irrigation) should be carried out through 10-15 days at the rate of 1-2 l per plant, followed by loosening the soil.
In the future, it is advisable to alternate root (watering) and foliar (spraying) fertilizing with an interval of 10-15 days.
From the middle of July it is best to perform foliar top dressing by spraying the leaf surface of the plants until it is completely wetted with the drug solution (a quarter of a glass of 10 L of water). During this period it is better to use the preparation "Tellura-Bio".
For onions, garlic, carrots, beets, turnips, radishes, radishes and other root crops, in addition to soaking seeds, it is recommended to water the solution of one of the preparations of the series after emergence and double watering at intervals of 10-15 days during the formation of the root crop.
When the onion is damaged by an onion fly or at the first signs of a defeat with powdery mildew a good result is obtained by combining the root and foliar dressing with a solution of "Tellura-Bio" or "Phoenix" preparations.
When growing cucumbers, zucchini, watermelons and other pumpkin, a good result is provided by combined root and foliar top dressing with one of the preparations of the series at an interval of 10-12 days during the entire growing season.
When growing potatoes, it is recommended to soak untreated tubers in a solution of "Tellurah-M" or "Tellura-Bio" preparations (half a cup at 10 L of water). Pro-rooted potatoes are processed immediately before planting by dipping the tubers into the solution of the preparation. After the emergence of sprouts, it is recommended to water a solution of the preparation (a quarter of a glass of 10 L of water) or sprinkle the green mass before weeding and hilling. This will ensure not only an increase in yield, but also will allow to obtain potatoes with higher taste qualities, as well as increase shelf-life during storage.
To restore the potato crops affected by the Colorado beetle, double foliar top dressing with a solution of "Tellurah-M" or "Tellura-Bio" preparations (half a cup at 10 l of water) is effective at intervals of 7-10 days.
Biohumus
If the biofertilizers, which are described above, require the creation of a serious production, the availability of qualified personnel, then, in principle, nothing of this is required for the preparation of biohumus. After all, the "workers" employed in its production are nothing but earthworms. They, processing, or rather, passing organic residues through themselves, turn them into fertilizer saturated with useful substances and microorganisms.
The scale of the work of such a "factory" says the following fact: during a season earthworms let through 50 tons of land on 1 ha of territory.
But if there is such a "labor", then you can try to increase the effectiveness of its work. First of all, it was necessary to "tie" workers to the "factory", because they showed themselves to be real flyers, constantly migrating in the soil for long distances. This task was solved in the 50-ies of the last century in California (USA), where they produced hybrid compost worms that met all the requirements for "personnel": they led a "sedentary" way of life, showed high results in the processing of organic remains, and at the same time they also reproduced faster than their "free" brothers.
And this is understandable: it is one thing to look for a "friend" on an area of one hectare, and quite another when she is nearby, as they say, close by. Such "tamed" worms were called Californian. Around the same time, enterprises specializing in the production of vermicompost appeared in the USA - this is the second name of vermicompost. The first part of the word literally refers us to worms (by the way, the French word "vermicelli" with the same root means "worms"). In turn, the breeding of earthworms is called "vermiculture".
Shortly after the "recruitment" of Californian worms, the scientific bases for their breeding in mass quantities, the utilization of various organic wastes with their help, were developed, which opened up prospects for the whole industry.
However, it cannot be said that breeding worms and processing organic residues with their help is a completely hassle-free business. It, like the production of other types of fertilizers, requires serious investments, and the process of obtaining the finished product is quite lengthy. Therefore, it is not worth talking about some kind of "boom" of vermicompost in the fertilizer market. But gradually, enterprises that generate a large amount of organic waste are connected to its production. So, in Belarus one of the starch factories has mastered the production of vermicompost, and at a rather low price - 0,25 dollars per 1 kg.
At the same time, the technology of vermiculture may well be used by the owners of summer cottages and household plots - this will allow obtaining valuable fertilizer and at the same time getting rid of waste littering the territory.
Note
The ton of biohumus is equivalent in its effectiveness to 70-100 tonne of manure, and its bacterial microflora exceeds manure by 1000 times.
Is it right to refer vermicompost to biofertilizers or is it just an ordinary, albeit enriched organic? As they say, everything is learned in comparison. The comparative characteristic of biohumus and manure is given in the table.
Comparative characteristics of vermicompost and manure |
||
Reference object |
Manure |
Biohumus |
Weed seeds |
Yes |
No |
Ecological cleanliness |
No |
Yes |
Presence of pathogenic microflora |
Yes |
No |
The rate of application (kg per 1 weave) to obtain a good harvest |
600-900 |
50-90 |
Ensuring strong plant immunity |
No |
Yes |
The ability to bind heavy metals and radionuclides in the soil |
No |
Yes |
Ecological purity of products grown on this fertilizer |
No |
Yes |
Smell |
Yes |
No |
Harmless to the soil |
No |
Yes |
Component for soil |
No |
Yes |
Suitability for home floriculture |
No |
Yes |
Suitability for growing lawns |
No |
Yes |
The following data testify to the effectiveness of vermicompost. 1 ton of litter manure applied to the soil gives an increase in yield (per year of use): grain - 10-12 kg, potatoes - 100-120 kg. 1 ton of vermicompost gives an increase in yield (per year of use): grain - 100-200 kg, potatoes - 1600-1800 kg, vegetables - 200 kg. The soil does not lose fertility for the next 5 years. Another advantage is that the crop harvest on soils fertilized with biohumus ripens 10-15 days earlier, and the plants acquire resistance to various diseases and cold resistance.
In many respects, this action of vermicompost is explained by the presence in it of a whole complex of useful microorganisms. It is they, processing organic matter in the intestine of the worm, transfer mineral substances into a soluble form, available for plant nutrition. The high concentration of these microscopic assistants remains in the vermicompost after the "work" of the worms. Later, getting into the soil together with vermicompost, microorganisms continue their useful work. So, biohumus can be attributed to effective biofertilizers.
The composition of biohumus is characterized by the following data:
- humic substances - 25-32%;
- organic matter - up to 65%;
- nitrogen - up to 3%;
- phosphorus - up to 2,5%;
- potassium - up to 2,5%;
- calcium to 8%
- magnesium - up to 2,3%;
- iron - up to 2,5%;
- manganese - up to 80 mg / kg;
- copper - up to 5,1 mg / kg;
- zinc-up to 35 mg / kg;
- bacterial flora - up to 20 billion colonies in 1 g.
The application of this fertilizer gives the following advantages:
- the natural fertility of the soil is quickly restored, its structure and composition are improved;
- does not possess inertness of action: plants and seeds react quickly to the presence of biohumus;
- reduces the germination of seeds and ripening of fruits, accelerates the growth and flowering of plants;
- provides strong immunity of plants, increasing their resistance to stressful situations, bacterial and putrefactive diseases;
- provides a high survival rate of seedlings and seedlings, optimal growth of flowers, their intense and prolonged flowering;
- significantly increases the yield and improves the taste of the cultivated products;
- binds in the soil compounds of heavy metals and radionuclides, prevents plants from accumulating nitrates;
- ensures a stable high ecologically pure harvest;
- fertilizer is easily and gradually absorbed by plants throughout the development cycle.
Below are given the doses and methods of using biohumus for different crops. For convenience of use, they are expressed in volumetric values, since it is very inconvenient to weigh each time a vermicompost dose.
When sowing green crops (parsley, dill, lettuce), it is necessary to evenly scatter vermicompost over the surface of the garden bed, mix with the soil and water, and then sow the seeds. Consumption - 1 l / m2.
When planting seedlings of cucumbers, peppers, cabbage in the open ground, it is necessary to put 200-250 ml of vermicompost into each well, mix with soil and water, then plant the seedlings. After planting cucumber seedlings, the ground near the plant should be clogged with biohumus layer 1-2, see.
When planting tomato seedlings, biohumus in the amount of 0,5-1 l is added to each well.
When planting potatoes for each tuber is brought from 0,5 to 2 l biohumus.
When planting winter garlic, it is necessary to introduce biohumus to a depth of 10 cm and mix with the soil. Consumption - 1 l / m2.
When planting strawberries, it is recommended to add 100-200 ml of vermicompost to each well.
When planting berry bushes (gooseberries, currants) in the planting hole, you should make 3 l biohumus, mix thoroughly with the ground, pour and plant shrubs.
When planting fruit trees in the planting pit, it is recommended to pour 4 l of biohumus and mix with the ground.
When planting coniferous and ornamental trees and bushes in the planting pit, add 2-3 l biohumus and mix with the ground.
When preparing soil mixtures for growing seedlings - vegetables and flowers - it is recommended to mix 1 part of vermicompost with 3-5 parts of sod land.
For indoor plants, soil soil is prepared from one part of the vermicompost and 4-5 parts of the turf ground.
To fertilize bushes and fruit trees biohumus sprinkled under the crown at the rate of 1 l / m2.
When topping up flowers and decorative plants of open ground, biohumus should be applied monthly at the rate of 300 ml for each plant or 1 l for 1 mg of flower bed or lawn.
When topping up indoor plants, biohumus is applied to the plant every two months for 2-3 st. l.
VERMIKOMPOST "TEA"
Biohumus can be produced not only in the form of granular granules of black color, but also in liquid form. It is an extract that is diluted with water in the concentration that is required for a particular operation with plants.
Before soaking the seeds in biohumus concentrate is dissolved in water (1: 20). Soaking each of the plant species has its own time limits:
- legumes - no more than 6 hours;
- radish and salad - no more than 12 hours;
- onions and potatoes - 30-40 minutes before planting;
- nightshade and melons, carrots, parsley, dill - no more than 24 hours.
Liquid fertilizer is also used in the process of planting seedlings in the ground. The concentrate is diluted in a ratio of 1:50 and poured into the wells from 0,5 to 1 liter, depending on the size of the plant. This contributes to the rapid adaptation of seedlings, their active growth and development. In the future, fertilizer in the same concentration is used for root dressing - every 7-10 days.
Biorhumus extract is also used for foliar dressing of plants. For this purpose concentrate is diluted in the proportion of 1: 200. Spraying is carried out at a time when there is an active growth and development of the plant, as well as during the formation of its fruits. This is recommended every week.
Vermicompost tea with their own hands
But the water extract of biohumus (it is called vermikompostny "tea") can be prepared independently. For this, a glass of dry fertilizer is poured into a bucket with lukewarm water, mixed well and left for a day at room temperature. In the resulting solution, without dilution with water, soak seeds of cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes for a period of 12 hours for better germination.
To irrigate garden crops, the infusion is diluted with water in the ratio 1: 2, A liquid of the same concentration can be used for spraying fruit trees. Thus, the three-fold treatment of apple trees (after flowering, at the beginning of the fall of the ovary, during the period of fruit filling) increases the productivity of trees: the fruits become larger, juicier, sweeter. Spraying during the laying of fruit buds positively affects the yields of the next year.
See also:
Council
If foliar top dressing of apple trees is supplemented by mulching under the crown of the soil with vermicompost with a layer of 1-2 cm, the type of fruiting of fruit trees changes from periodic to annual. This method also has a beneficial effect on berry bushes - gooseberries, currants, raspberries, as well as grapes. Their productivity increases by a third, and the ripening time of the fruit is reduced by 10-15 days.
Note
Three-time spraying with a solution of vermicompost "tea" flower crops with an interval of 7-8 days causes an acceleration of their flowering on 7-10 days, intensifies the coloration of the leaves, significantly improves the decorative appearance and color gradation.
MAKE A RATE ON THE WILES
Preparing the substrate for growing seedlings, many vegetable growers forget about the role that earthworms play in nature. And in vain!
These natural "optimizers" of soils for 2-3 months will turn even the average quality of garden land into a beautiful soil for seedlings. And if you did not take care of harvesting worms in warm weather, it's okay. Earthworms can be bought at any store for anglers.
The soil for them is best prepared in a special tank, similar to an aquarium. It can be made from plexiglas, and in the bottom it is necessary to make 10-15 holes with a diameter of no more than 3 mm.
This "terrarium" is put on a pallet and placed in a dark place, since worms do not tolerate light.
Fertile garden soil is placed in the container, which is mixed with crushed fallen leaves in a ratio of 3: 1. Earthworms are launched into this substrate - 10-15 individuals are quite enough. The soil should be well watered with clean water (in no case chlorinated, which can poison the worms).
In the future, it is necessary to maintain a sufficiently high humidity, as well as add to the substrate minced meat grinder kitchen waste, but only plant origin. For the life of worms, grated eggshells and a small amount of sand are also useful.
As soon as the land acquires a pleasant smell with a "note" of dried fruits, but looks black, greasy and fluffy at the same time, it can be directed to growing seedlings. This soil is also suitable for indoor plants.
If you put this business on stream, you can always have a wonderful soil for the house and villa. In this case it is useful to have two tanks. When one soil gets the right condition, most of the worms need to be moved to another "terrarium". In order not to catch them one by one, some kind of delicacy is scattered on the surface of the land, for example, the pulp of vegetables and fruits left in the juicer after making the juice. For a couple of days, almost the whole population of worms is pulled down here. And then the upper layer of the earth is simply removed along with its inhabitants and transferred to another container, where the substrate planned for processing is already located. And the remaining land in the first container is used for its intended purpose.
It is worth noting that of the rain the best "work" domestic breeding worms "Prospector", Which are specially bred in Kovrov, Vladimir region, where they are inexpensively sold to all comers.
From the foreign counterpart - California worms - they are more durable and able to withstand our harsh climatic conditions. Fertility is also striking: in a year the worm is capable of producing 1,5 “children”. So in warm time, you can drop the "landing" of worms grown during the winter in a compost pile. In just 3 months, they recycle all waste, including cardboard and straw. Such an addition to the soil accelerates the ripening of cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes for three weeks. Carrots ripen faster (by mid-summer) and other vegetables.
You can also use Californian worms, but only at home, because in the country they will freeze in the first winter.
At the same time, it is not worth buying foreign worms specially designed for fishing in fishing stores, they are very slow if they process waste into biohumus. Among them, the dung worm Eisenia fetida and dendrobena.
Biofertilizers and organic farming
Organic farming (which is also called ecological, natural and even natural) is gaining in the world more and more supporters who do not want to put up with the pollution of the land and use tasteless and sometimes even dangerous foods.
This movement is based on cultivating crops on the ground in a way that occurs in natural conditions. This gives an opportunity to get natural vegetables and fruits, in which there are no traces of "chemistry".
In accordance with this, the main principles of economic management on the ground have been worked out. This is a kind of "code" of an organic farmer, which boils down to four basic "postulates":
- do not dig the ground in order not to disturb its natural structure, only shallow (up to 5-7 sm) is allowed to loosen the soil, for which not a shovel but a flat cutter is used;
- to exclude the use of mineral fertilizers, and to increase the fertility of using only organic materials of different types and forms: compost, humus, siderates, the construction of warm ridges is welcomed;
- to abandon the use of pesticides, to deal more with the prevention of plant diseases and the appearance of pests with the help of agrotechnical techniques, in extreme cases, use biological products and folk methods;
- to create conditions for reproduction in soil of microorganisms and worms (rain, Californian, "prospectors"). To achieve the first goal, use EM drugs that activate the activity of soil microorganisms, and they, in turn, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, helping to improve soil fertility. To increase the "number of" worms, it is desirable to mulch the soil.
The revival of organic farming is happening around the world. Over the past 15 years - from 1999 to 2015 - the global market for organic products has grown six-fold: from $ 15 to $ 90 billion. All this gives a new impetus to the development of the biofertilizer industry, as well as environmentally friendly drugs that stimulate the growth of plants, increase their immunity, protect against diseases and pests.
As the scientists note, while the possibilities of biotechnology in the production of fertilizers are only "groping". Science describes only 0,001% of the total number of microorganisms living on the Earth. Even fewer of them are used by people in different sectors of the economy. So, the potential of biotechnologies with the use of "abilities" of microorganisms is truly limitless!
Thus, we should expect new, perhaps even miraculous means of nutrition and protection of plants that have full ecological purity and give fantastic results when growing plants.
Effective universal bio-fertilizer with your own hands - video
TOOLS FOR MASTERS AND MASTERS, AND HOME GOODS ARE VERY CHEAP. FREE SHIPPING. THERE ARE REVIEWS.
Below other entries on the topic "How to make your own hands - a householder!"
- Place for growing (mini-balcony) seedlings with your own hands
- Decorative chips - why are they harmful and what to replace?
- Do-it-yourself humus box - photo
- Crop rotation - tables and charts
- How to keep / retain moisture in the soil
- Boric acid - use for plants
- Garden in pots and containers - advice on arrangement and care (photo)
- Propagation of grapes by cuttings - my way (Samara region)
- How to keep vegetables and fruits grown in the country - tips
- How to grow seedlings if the apartment / house is dark?
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The soil consists of mineral, organic compounds, as well as water and air. Soil is the product of the vital activity of microorganisms that form it, ensure its self-purification, nitrogen cycle, fix nitrogen from the air, form humus and release nutrients for plants, heal the soil.
With the help of microorganisms, a lot of biochemical reactions take place, thanks to which the soil is transformed into a powerful biochemical machine that passes through huge flows of energy and matter.
Soil microflora is directly involved in plant nutrition. Not only plants feed microorganisms, but microorganisms themselves are involved in supplying plants with nutrients, enzymes, vitamins, even growth hormones.
And if mineral fertilizers often have a devastating effect on soil microflora, then biological fertilizers are the opposite. Biological fertilizers are specific soil microorganisms that, together with biologically active substances synthesized by them, are used to provide agricultural crops with available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compounds, as well as stimulate their growth and development, improve the soil, increase yields and improve product quality.
The action of biological fertilizers:
Increase the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
The soil is being healed, because it inhibits the reproduction of pathogens, increasing the number of antagonist microbes.
Contribute to the improvement of mineral nutrition of plants.
Allocate biologically active substances and stimulate plant growth, increase their resistance to stress to environmental factors, yield
Improve the quality of grown products.
The use of biological fertilizers allows you to grow high yields of healthy vegetables and not harm the environment.
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Producers of EM fertilizers (using effective microorganisms) usually keep their preparations secret.
Meanwhile, their analogs can be prepared on their own, and they will have properties similar to the factory ones.
It is necessary to boil 150 g of pearly, but not moldy hay in 1 l of water, adding to the capacity 1 tsp. chalk. When boiling, most of the harmful bacteria and fungi die, but the spores of the hay stick remain alive. The solution must be put in a dark warm place. After three days, a film appears on the surface, which is formed by spores of the rod. This is a signal that the uterine culture is ready. With its help, a solution is prepared, which will be used for processing and watering plants. This is done so. In a large capacity put 1 kg of senile hay, pour a bucket of hot water, add 10 art. l. chalk or lime (they reduce the level of acidity) and pour in the uterine culture. The container is placed in a warm place and covered to prevent direct sunlight. After 3 days, the working solution is ready, and they can be sprayed with plants. Especially good this fertilizer is reflected in cucumbers.
The second recipe: in a barrel to fall asleep 6 buckets of the crushed weeds, it is desirable, that there were nettles, a camomile, a plantain and celandine. Then add 2 buckets of compost and half a bucket of ash and pour two-thirds of the water. Insist for two weeks. The resulting concentrate must be diluted in the ratio 1: 10.
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A remedy that acts like a heteroauxin can be prepared independently from dried leaves of roses. A glass of this raw material should be brewed 1 l of boiling water, cool and add 2 drops of iodine. In this infusion, diptings and other planting material are dipped.
You can also just water the plants during planting.
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I have my own "Baikal"
For two years, I conscientiously applied the biological drug "Baikal EM-1" known to everyone. But the result did not quite suit me. And already in the last season I decided on the basis of this preparation to prepare my own biofertilizer.
A bucket of chicken droppings, the same amount of last year’s leaves, half a bucket of earth, and also crackers, old jam, fermented kefir and finally 200 ml of Baikal EM-250 were added to a 1-liter water barrel. He closed the barrel with a lid, stood for 2 weeks and
half of the summer fed up everything that grows in my garden and on the beds, spreading the infusion with water in the ratio 1: 2. Zola was given separately. As a result, received an excellent harvest.
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I personally prefer to manage a minimum of mineral supplements, because even if I do everything according to the instructions, it is still possible to overdo with doses and to do harm to the plants and myself.
Therefore, the lion's share in the feeding is accounted for horse manure, well-pereprevshy compost, ash and herbal infusions. At the same time, I treat manure most economically, spend it strictly dosed, making it only for each plant individually.
What do you want? The price of this good now bites (that's why I buy it every three or four years), and they do not have to be scattered. Compost I prepare myself from grass, leaves, pieces of paper and cardboard, as well as from vegetable purification, which I constantly bring from the city. All the ashes are carefully collected and poured into the barrel, installed where it is drier.
But the liquid fertilizer began to be cooked, one might say, by accident. After they disassembled the old, dilapidated summer shower, the remaining 100-liter tank from the car, in which water was collected, was dragged to the far corner of the garden. Once, mowing once again the grass, from fatigue, she threw it into that tank, and then again and again.
Then it started to rain well, and when I was nearby two weeks later, I found a dark brown liquid with a grassy odor in the tank. I treated the cabbage with this drug, and she immediately responded to such a treat, having noticeably added growth in a week. After that, I already fed cucumbers, zucchini and flowers with all this infusion - everyone was satisfied.
Nina, city of Vladivostok
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Biofertilization for trees with own hands
For several years, instead of buying biofertilizer for fertilizing plants in the garden I cook my own.
In a large barrel I load on the bucket of manure (manure), sheet humus from the forest, wood ash, and 3-liter can of berg (I pour the yeast with warm water, add old jam, leave for a week for wandering), black bread, sour milk, kefir, whey and shovel of the earth from its site. I fill it with water and stir it gently with a stick. I insist about two weeks. Then the ladle of this fertilizer I plant in 100 l of water and water young fruit trees and berry bushes from spring to mid-summer. The effect is stunning! Plants grow well and bear fruit abundantly.
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Some say that drugs saturated with microorganisms are very effective and can increase yields by half, while others believe that such additives have significant disadvantages: microorganisms are very easy to die with heat, and it is still difficult to observe the technology of use. Are they really so difficult to use for a regular summer resident?
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Preparations saturated with effective microorganisms are the concentrates necessary for the normal functioning of soil microorganisms in orchard and garden soils. Depending on the manufacturer, they contain in their composition soil bacteria, yeast and other fungi, whose vital activity has a beneficial effect on the soil.
In addition to the actual improvement of soil quality, such preparations are used for processing planting material, accelerating the ripening of compost, processing dacha and biotoilets, and living and auxiliary premises. Most of these drugs are fairly simple to use, including for ordinary, ordinary villager. It is only necessary to strictly follow the instructions for using the drug.
It should also be remembered that most of the microorganisms that make up these drugs are most active in the temperature range from 15 ° to 20 ° and often die or are depressed under the influence of direct sunlight. Therefore, it is advisable to work with these drugs in cloudy (but not rainy) weather.
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On our site is a good land, black earth, but it is something contaminated. Nothing really grows. Even cherries were not collected last year, everything was rusted. Cabbage on the root rotted. What could be the reason and how to improve the soil?
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Unequivocally answer your question without additional soil survey is difficult. But, most likely, a whole complex of pathogenic microorganisms "lives" on your site. The cause of rust of cherries is fungal damage, and cabbage rot causes bacteria. To improve the soil of your site, it is necessary to conduct a number of activities. First, strictly observe the crop rotation in the garden. Culture should return to its place no earlier than in 3 years. Second, after collecting
harvest all plant residues to be removed from the site, but it is better to burn. It is also necessary to burn all the diseased plants noted. Thirdly, in the fall, deep plowing (digging) of the soil should be carried out. It is also advisable to conduct chemical disinfection of the soil.
To do this, after an autumn digging abundantly spray 3% solution of copper or iron vitriol. In the spring, before treatment of the soil, add an 4% solution of copper chloride to the dry top layer of the soil.
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For the winter in the cellar, where I store the vegetables harvested in the autumn and where a small plus temperature is kept, I always put 2-3 bags of good garden soil. I take it from the beds, where peas, beans, beans, onions or garlic grew. During the winter I humidify several times. And in the spring, before planting garden crops, I evenly spread this land over the beds and immediately plow with rakes.
It would seem, what is the sense in this operation, which, as many think, average Sisyphean labor ?! But in fact, it has a serious scientific basis.
Once I read in one of the agronomic books such a statement: during the winter period, especially if there were severe frosts, the number of useful microorganisms that process various chemical compounds, transforming them into a form that is adaptable to plants, is sharply reduced in the earth.
In other words, bacteria simply freeze out, and microflora is restored only by the end of June. Naturally, all this time the plants are not in the most comfortable conditions.
Acceleration of the process of soil saturation by microorganisms is promoted by the soil preserved from autumn, where bacteria remain unscathed in a favorable environment.
And in the spring, after hitting a warm patch, they begin to multiply very actively. Thus, this soil plays the role of biofertilizer. Due to this, plants adapt more quickly and actively develop, which is reflected in the increase in yield.
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From the literature on natural farming, I learned that the soil in the spring is well heated by biological preparations (for example, Baikal EM-1). The useful bacteria in them multiply in the soil, they process plant remains in it and thereby "wake up" it.
The main thing - to spill beds when the earth by this time itself warms up to + 10 hail, (a sure sign - the leaves start to grow on the birch tree). And seeds then sow the days through 10.
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And I came up with a special bouquet, which I decided to treat to two cultures, the fanatic of which is: tomatoes and strawberries. To make this magic drink, I took an 200-liter barrel and half filled it with freshly mown grass.
Added the same 1 bucket of ash, 1 kg of granulated sugar, 300 g of yeast and half a bucket of dried bread crumbs.
Well, for the full effect, I dripped iodine and manganese (if you can not spoil the porridge with oil, then the top-dressing with these means too). Yes, I forgot to say that I installed the barrel in the sun. Its contents were thoroughly mixed and left to infuse for two weeks, during which time it also carried out regular stirring of the "brew".
After that I started feeding. Watering was carried out once a week: 1 liter of brew was added to 1 bucket of water, and this volume was calculated for every 3-4 bushes of tomatoes and 10 bushes of strawberries. To say that the result from the application of mash is amazing is to say nothing. Look better at the photo of my works and create a mash!
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Champignon horse friend
I’ve been growing champignons in the country for about 15 years and have become convinced that one of the main conditions for a good harvest is a quality substrate. I use manure from horses that are generously fed oats.
More precisely, I take a mixture of manure and straw. I made a special arrangement with the grooms that they should less often change the straw bedding even for some horses.
Then the straw is well crushed with hooves and mixed with manure. The best substrate for champignons can not be found! Excellent crops grow on it - both in volume and in the quality of mushrooms.
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Gardeners can successfully use the ice drill designed for anglers for focal fertilizer application. I turned it around for a minute and a pit 13 cm in diameter and 0,5 m deep was ready. It is enough to make 10 such deep and narrow holes near the roots of the trees. They lay mineral dressing. The ice drill will also fit in the installation of hedge posts - here you can’t keep up with the shovel.
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Somehow I became interested in what vermicompost is. And the usual search for information has turned into a hobby for me. Vermicompost is obtained by breeding worms, it is their product of life. And these "wastes" are useful due to the humic substances that are contained in them in abundance. Humic substances, in turn, are a breeding ground for the development and life of beneficial soil microorganisms. In addition, vermicompost contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in a form accessible to plants. And it also has growth hormones. Now I have set up a small worm farm, which supplies my garden with this valuable product. Fuss, of course, increased, but not very much. And what else to do in retirement!
But my garden is provided with a healthy and proper top dressing. And it grows the right, clean vegetables and fruits.