What to do, so that the lower crown of the log does not rot?
The struggle for the salvation of the lower corners of the log from decay - methods and methods
It must be remembered that wood is a living material.
If it is to provide comfortable conditions, then the structures from it will last very, very long. You can even say, forever.
But! Destructive for a tree is a sharp and frequent change in humidity, as well as periodic wetting and subsequent drying, freezing and thawing (when wet). The formation of rot is also caused by the lack and inadequacy of natural ventilation.
Complicated? A lot of races? It only seems so.
The main thing is to understand how to do everything wisely.
So, when installing the basement part of the foundation at an altitude of 30-40 cm from the blind area, set horizontally (and across the frame) pieces of plastic plumbing pipes with a diameter of 10-12 cm for ventilation ducts.
You can make them in the form of rectangular pipes from the board-inch, but then you must not forget to treat them with an antiseptic. Horizontal ventilation ducts are arranged at least three (in corners and in the middle) on each outside side of the basement part, as well as in the internal part of the solid foundation (if such are provided).
This is necessary to create reliable ventilation of the basement floor, which will provide comfortable conditions for the life of wooden structures: external and internal timber, plank floor.
In order to protect against rodents on the outer part of horizontal ventilation ducts, it is necessary to install a fine mesh net of a strong steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm. When preparing a house for winter, it is advisable to pack bags with heat-insulating material into the ventilation ducts: basalt wool, dry sawdust, treated antiseptic, crumb of foam or aerated concrete (these bags are removed in the spring). Considering that brick, concrete and other materials have the property of absorbing and carrying ground moisture destructive for wooden structures, a horizontal vapor barrier necessarily lies in the upper part of the cap.
But preliminary it is necessary to make an equalizing screed of a cement-sand mixture up to 50 mm thickness, with the reinforcement net of steel wire or polymeric materials laid in it. In the process of installing the foundation, do not forget to install in them vertical anchors made of steel strip or round reinforcement for fixing the first frame of the log house, so that in case of catastrophic flooding (which can happen in heavy rains or in other cases) your house does not go swimming.
And here it is important not to forget that a layer of waterproofing from the corresponding material must necessarily be laid on the screed (now they are not a problem in the stores, they all fully meet the task). But all the favorite roofing material is not a waterproofing material, because it itself is prone to rot (in fact, in fact, it's just a cardboard soaked in bitumen).
It is advisable to cut off the first beam and treat it with an antiseptic, which can be bought at any building materials store, two or three times, and also make it yourself (this can be a 3% solution of sodium fluoride or bitumen mastic). When using these tools, you must follow safety precautions - wear a respirator and special safety glasses. It is also necessary to work with antiseptics with good access to fresh air and choose sunny, warm weather with a little breeze for this (it would be nice if neighbors in the summer cottage were absent that day - it would be calmer). Treat with antiseptic all sides of the timber, including the ends.
Now about the important little things. The leveling screed of the socle must be made in the form of a non-rectangle (in cross section), and trapezoid (Fig. 1). This will ensure the removal of moisture at atmospheric precipitation from the vertical surface of the outer walls and will not allow its penetration under the lower bar. Along the bottom of the first bar, it is advisable to arrange a drain from galvanized iron (Figure 2), as it is done on the outside of the window openings.
See also: How to bring a new foundation under the old frame - from A to Z
Correct arrangement of the lower frame
Do not forget to remove the entire plant layer of soil under the house (be it the basement or just a basement), make a sand pillow (bedding) 10-15 cm thick, lay on top of it a layer of fine-grained gravel of the same thickness, screed, waterproofing and again a protective screed from sand concrete up to 5 cm (sand concrete is a solution of cement and coarse sand or sand and gravel mix and water).
And the plant soil taken from under the house is useful to you for other creative purposes. But in the house and under it it will be dry and warm.
© Author: V.I. Shamsheev St. Petersburg
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To prevent wooden poles from rotting, bury them in the ground with a narrow side, i.e. side opposite to the direction of tree growth. In addition, the part of the pillar that will be buried is burned, thereby clogging the pores of the wood and slowing down the process of decay.