Do-it-yourself outdoor staircase to 2 floor - architect's advice
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CONSTRUCTION OF THE LADDERS ON THE SECOND FLOOR OF THE HOUSE OWN HANDS - DRAWINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
On the second floor - from the street
The decision to place the stairs to the second floor outside the house will significantly save living space. In addition, this design will be an interesting architectural element that adorns the facade.
Through the use of outdoor stairs levels of the building will be able to isolate from each other, which will ensure their fire safety. In addition, such an architectural layout is appropriate when the relief in the area (Fig. 3) or if a large family lives in the house.
Before proceeding with the construction of a structure, its design should be carefully developed. It should include not only all the necessary engineering calculations, but also recommendations on the choice of building material and the installation of the stairs.
In appearance, these elements are no different from those that connect the floors of the house inside, but more serious requirements are imposed on the street structures.
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTERNAL STAIRS
An outdoor staircase should have increased strength, since it is constantly exposed to precipitation, temperature extremes, wind load and other negative environmental factors. In the end, all this can lead to rapid loss of stability and destruction of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the right material, take into account the weight of the structure, the type of soil under it, and the possible shrinkage of the building, if it was recently built.
It is necessary to remember about security, because the stairs will have to move at different times of the day and under different weather conditions. Accordingly, it should be well lit, have fences and comfortable non-slip steps. The height of the handrails, the width and the configuration of the structure itself are important.
Reference by topic: Stairs to the garden with their own hands
FORMS AND DIMENSIONS OF EXTERNAL STAIRS
The external staircase can be of any shape, but most often it is done with ordinary, two- or three-marsh structures with an areal. Marches can be arranged parallel or perpendicular to each other (Fig. 1). But with the small size of the courtyard space, it is advisable to mount a spiral-type staircase, which is very compact and looks great (Fig. 2).
DESIGN FEATURES OF EXTERNAL STAIRS
The product must comply with safety standards, that is, to have a tilt angle of no more than 45 °, otherwise it will be difficult to climb and descend.
The optimal width of the stairs is at least 80, see. The height of the fence - at least 90, see. The width and height of the steps should be the same and comfortable for walking. The place where the foot is put on the step is called tread. Its depth is about 35, see otherwise it will not be possible to put the entire foot completely. The recommended height of the steps is 15-18 cm. In order to avoid loss of stability, the fence of the structure should also have horizontal fixtures in addition to vertical supports.
It is worth noting that the handrails on the stairs are best made of wood or PVC. It is desirable that they were rounded.
WHAT TO DO THE LADDER
As already noted, special attention should be paid to the materials. Since the product will be operated year-round in an aggressive atmospheric environment, the most suitable option is the design of a metal kosour, made by welding.
However, you can collect and wooden stairs, but in this case, the wood must first be treated with paint and varnish materials. Special anti-slip pads should be installed on the wooden steps.
Also, the staircase can be combined: a frame made of metal, and the steps - of wood or decking (Fig. 1).
Despite the high performance of the metal, it should be noted that it should also be covered with a protective layer. This can be done with polymer paint, but only at positive temperatures, ideally at temperatures above 25 ° C. The paint forms a hydrophobic film that will not allow the metal to corrode.
For the manufacture of stairs made of wood suitable wood hardwood, such as oak or larch. Before the start of operation, all its elements are covered with an antiseptic. However, we must not forget that over time, as the abrasion of surfaces, the paintwork will need to be updated.
See also: Backlighting stairs to the veranda with your own hands
TYPES OF METAL LADDERS.
Any type of metal ladder is based on the frame, which is the supporting element. It provides construction safety and durability.
In a metal street staircase, different types of frames can be used.
The most common is with the use of kosoura, which are the supporting elements to which the steps and rails are attached.
Often used and the frame with a string, when the steps are inserted into special grooves in the beam, and their ends are not visible from the side.
Less common is a staircase on the road. It does not have a bearing base, as the steps are attached directly to the wall with bolts, which gives the product a visual effect of lightness.
The most durable option is still considered a design with kosouri, from a metal profile and reinforcing rods.
WORK PROCESS AND GRAPHIC EXAMPLES
Ladder can be on one skirting (fig. 1) and two, that is, I-beam or channel. Kosour plays the role of support and is placed in the middle of the structure or, if there are two, at the edges, forming a frame. Steps and fences are welded to the kosour, and the steps are mounted with a slope of 2-3 ° - in order to avoid stagnation of water and subsequent icing.
All parts in the field of welding grind, removing burrs and burrs. Then, using a steel brush, remove the metal dust remaining after grinding and only then proceed to the primer and paint the frame.
Next, perform the finishing - mounting steps. As already mentioned, they can be made of wood or decking, which is also called decking (fig. 1).
The advantages of using the latter would be worth mentioning. Since the decking is made of wood-polymer composite (WPC), it is able to withstand sudden temperature changes. Moreover, due to its unique composition, the decking board tolerates moisture well, does not crack, does not deform, and does not shatter in the sun. Decking can be in the open air for several years in a row without losing its consumer properties. This means that it meets all the requirements for the operation of a street staircase, which, unfortunately, cannot be said about ordinary wood, even if it is covered with antiseptic and weather-resistant varnish.
Of course, it is desirable to protect the structure from rain and snow, and in this case, the use of an existing roof overhang can be a good option. If for some reason this is not possible, the canopy will have to be made separately (Fig. 1).
Interesting solution a spiral staircase can be used to climb to the second floor. Because of its visual lightness, it will fit well into any exterior of the house. Its design consists of a central support in the form of a circular metal pipe, to which cantilevered-type steps are welded. They are then covered with decorative material (fig. 2).
The external staircase will look original on a section with a relief difference. One option is shown in Fig. 3, where the rise is carried out between the veranda and the retaining wall. This design is multifunctional, since it connects different levels of both the house and the site. The frame of the stairs consists of a metal march, and the steps can be made of cement-sand tiles.
STREET STAIRS ON THE SECOND FLOOR OWN HANDS - VIDEO
httpv / www.youtube.com / watch? v = kF-aRxR0R1Y
© Author: Victor Strashnov
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- Do-it-yourself outdoor staircase to 2 floor - architect's advice
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