Strengthening the slope on the site, cottage
HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE SLOPE ON THE DACH
Do you dream of a cozy house on the river bank, from the windows of which a wonderful view of the surface of water and enchanting nature opens?
However, becoming the owner of the site on the coast, and just on the slope, you may have to decide how to stop the landslide process.
The steep bank of the river or the slope of the ravine, especially deprived of natural vegetation as a result of human activities (construction, agricultural work), are subject to water erosion - erosion of soil flowing from the slopes of spring, rain and melt water. Erosion processes begin to appear even with a slope of 0,5-2 °, on steeper slopes they are stronger, and it is important to take measures in time.
FIRSTLY the owner of the site on the slope needs to determine the location of surface water sources and try to prevent soil erosion by intercepting water and installing shallow ditches or trays located across the slope on the upper and lower boundaries of the territory. Water is diverted off-site or into storm sewers using asbestos-cement, concrete, reinforced concrete or plastic drainage pipes of various diameters (taking into account the volume of water eroding the slope of the water). There are also commercially available special geomembranes, drainage mats and canvases, drainage swivel and water-receiving wells, drainage tunnels specially designed for intercepting and discharging surface water.
In the place of the spring exit, it is worthwhile to equip a well for collecting water (to make a spring assembly). Then the spring water can be used for domestic purposes.
SECOND PHASE - planning a set of measures to strengthen the slope of the coast or ravine. In practice, there are several basic principles for arranging slopes: terracing with retaining walls; strengthening the slope using artificial materials and plants that prevent soil erosion.
Each of these methods has both advantages and disadvantages, so it is often necessary to combine them to save money and achieve the best result.
Terracing allows you to create a horizontal surface of the soil, convenient for the construction and planting of plants. This method requires additional expenses, but as a result you will receive a plot convenient for living. In some cases, say if the soil is rocky and fertile soil is not enough, retaining walls can increase its layer.
See also: Decorative wall in the garden with your own hands
Terrasing can pursue not only practical, but also decorative function. With the help of retaining walls, they create raised beds, uneven platforms, and podiums connected by ladders. You should not plan long, straight and too high retaining walls, it is better to split the slope into several gently curving and uneven (from 40-50 cm to 1-12 m) terraces, and various niches, flower beds, slides and cascades will help to wrap the flaws of your site in his dignity.
There are several ways to build retaining walls. Concreting using wooden formwork and subsequent finishing with decorative materials (brick, stone, wood, plaster, etc.). In this case, for a retaining wall up to 60 cm height, a crushed stone cushion 20-30 cm thick is arranged; above 1 m, a foundation with a depth of at least 70 cm is required. For reliability, reinforcement is made. At the base of the concrete wall, a drainage is made of rubble and discharge tubes every 3-5 m. The retaining wall is built with a slight slope backwards for stability.
Wall of special pre-cast concrete blocks - economical and easy for the device option. Blocks produce different colors, sizes and patterns.
Retaining wallbuilt using the dry masonry method - when stones (slate, sandstone, tiled limestone, granite) are firmly laid without using cement mortar. Perennial plants are planted in the seams between the stones or the cracks are closed with soil with seeds. Such a wall looks picturesque and fits perfectly into the landscape.
Gabions - drawers made of metal mesh filled with stones, pebbles, fragments of bricks, etc., - have become very popular lately. They can be purchased ready-made or made independently using improvised materials and local stone breeds. Such walls do not block the path for water, and plants growing through the grate additionally decorate and strengthen the structure.
It is possible to keep a small slope with the help of logs hammered into the ground or wooden stakes, concrete piles of vertically driven pipes filled with concrete, stones, etc.
WITH SMALL AND MIDDLE EARRINGS (up to 8%) it is enough to strengthen the slope with plants - to sow or plant ground cover perennials and shrubs that, with the help of root shoots or horizontal branches that take root in contact with the soil, quickly expand in breadth and keep the soil from erosion. There are many suitable plants. These are junipers Cossack, middle and horizontal, cotoneaster loosestrife and Dammera, white snowberry, blackberry Chinese, raspberry fragrant, rose (rosehip) feminine and wrinkled, rosemary-leaved willow, henomeles (in the area 5a), and fencing along the edge of the plot the guests will be created by higher shrubs - Russian dereza, mountain ash, rowan leaf, sumac deer-horn (zone 4b), sea buckthorn, shrimp, teren, hawthorn, rosemary leaves, holly-leaved, Caspian. In the shade, the ground will be covered with a continuous carpet of five-leafed girl’s grapes, European ungulate, plush budra, ordinary chyme, small periwinkle, etc.
If the slope is not very gentle, plants should be planted in the cells of reinforcing structures - geogrids, garden or lawn nets made of plastic or metal. When laying on the ground, they are additionally fixed with studs or pegs.
AT CLOSING HIGHER AVERAGE (from 8% to 15%) artificial constructions are used - biomasons, lawn grids, geogrids, geogrids, geomats. Depending on the further use of the section of the slope, several methods can be combined.
Laying geoconstructions that hold the ground, level the surface, removing protruding tree roots, various debris and stones.
Then, the upper layer is compacted with a manual roller or a vibrating plate, and a layer of non-woven geotextile is laid as a drain for surface water (this does not allow crushed stone
layer in drainage systems silt). A geogrid is laid on top (the steeper the slope, the higher the height of the lattice edge should be). The modules are stretched and fixed with L-shaped anchors, then stitched with a stapler or connected with U-shaped anchors. When the grid is laid and fixed, the cells are filled with rubble or soil, and then ground cover plants are planted or grass is sown. The root system of plants, intertwined with fasteners and lattice design, prevents erosion and landslide processes.
IMPORTANT. At the top of the slope, the geogrid should extend onto a horizontal surface at least 0,5 meters from the edge, and then deepen.
Biomats are cloths of vegetable fibers (straw, coconut fiber, or a mixture thereof), reinforced with polypropylene or jute, already containing grass seed between the layers. After laying and fixing on the slope, the biomat is watered, the seeds germinate and the roots are fixed on the soil, and the vegetable fibers, while overheating, additionally fertilize the soil.
Part of the slope can be issued in the form of rock arias or rock garden. Natural boulders, covered with lichen and moss, on 1 / 2-1 / 3 are driven into the ground, combining large and small pieces of 3-5 into groups, choosing the most decorative side of the stone. The scree of gravel and rubble look very picturesque. Coniferous and ground cover plants are planted between the stones, imitating a mountain slope. From dug flat stones create a ladder for walking and admiring plants and planting care.
These methods of strengthening the slope are much more environmentally friendly than concreting, since they do not disrupt the biological balance of nature and allow the plot to enter the surrounding nature. Combining several ways to strengthen the slope will not only prevent landslides and make it comfortable for life and work, but also give your site originality and a special highlight.
See also: House and plot on the slope - design and layout
HOW TO STRENGTH THE SLOPE - VIDEO
© Author: V. ROY, Landscape Designer
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