Fertilizers at home with their own hands - EM-Bocashi and EM-Urgasa
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CONVERT WASTE TO FERTILIZER!
Every year, a family of 3 - 4 people usually throw around 350 - 400 kg of organic waste.
Even in the off season, this waste can be recycled to produce concentrated organic fertilizers.
Such fertilizers can be considered as domestic varieties of EM compost, as well as biohumus, otherwise called vermicompost.
EM COMPOSTING
By EM composting, it is customary to imply the process of organic transformation according to technologies involving the introduction into the starting materials of so-called effective microorganisms in the form of liquid EM preparations. The meaning of their addition is to restrain the development of putrefactive processes and enrich the product with biologically active substances, including those that increase the utilization rate of batteries, as well as those that increase the usefulness of plants for humans. The most common are "Baikal EM1" and "Tamir", you can also use the "Shine EM1". However, the most powerful of the microbiological fertilizers of the EM series is considered to be “Vostok EM1”.
WASHERS AND URGAS OWN HANDS
Homemade varieties of EM compost are EM bokashi and EM urgas. There are significant differences between them.
Preparation EM-Urgasy more like ordinary composting, only limited by the volume of the bucket.
EM-Bocashi is a more concentrated fertilizer, which requires a little more work, but at the same time (which is important for our small apartments) may take less space in the apartment. In addition, it can be used as a seed. Therefore, we consider in detail its preparation. EM-glasses, or seed.
In the process of its preparation, kitchen waste (vegetable and potato peelings, bread crusts, eggshell, fish bones) and bran are used. It is also advisable to add sawdust and ash.
1. For preparation EM Bokashi Habitual kitchen waste must be thoroughly crushed, grinding in a meat grinder.
The resulting slurry should be carefully pressed. The resulting gruel is wetted with a working solution
1: 100 to a moisture content of around 40%, in which the compressed lump retains its shape, but crumbles when touched lightly with your finger.
Next is the process of fermentation, which, as in the manufacture of EM-compost, can be anaerobic and aerobic.
In the first case, the mixture is placed in a plastic bag, from which the air is completely squeezed. Then it is tied up and cleaned in a dark warm place.
OWNERSHIP OWN HANDS - VIDEO
BREAD, PAPER, sawdust
You can use for the preparation of fertilizer residues of bakery products, flour, cereals and cereals, bran, soaked paper and cardboard, sawdust hardwood (for coniferous sawdust need a higher concentration, and they should be mixed with other organic matter for better processing).
In the second - the mixture is scattered on a hard bed and covered with polyethylene on top.
The temperature is monitored in the same way as in composting, and in the case of overheating, mix well. The fermentation period is from 4 to 14 days. A sign of readiness is the appearance of a pleasant subacid smell.
The resulting fertilizer should be used immediately. For long-term storage, it should be well dried, sprinkled evenly with a thin layer, then ground and cleaned in a cold place (in winter - on the balcony).
Um-urgasa It is prepared in a plastic bag placed in a plastic bucket. Waste that does not require grinding, decomposed with a layer of 3 cm and sprayed with the original EM-preparation or solution with a dilution of 1: 100.
EM PREPARATIONS AND FERTILIZERS OWN HANDS - TIPS FROM READERS
EM-SILOS OWN HANDS
The next new season became for me a "spacewalk" after I, on the advice of the famous gardener B.A. Bagel (I managed to acquire his book "The Garden in a New Way") began to prepare the EM silage, which she brought to the beds. It was then that the abundance finally returned to the site!
I will be told that such dressings have long been no secret to anyone.
But the bottom line is that many gardeners sincerely believe that it is enough to add EM silage two times during the season - and okay. But in fact, this real conveyor of fertility should start with the arrival of warm days and stop only somewhere in October.
See also: Biofertilizers - application and manufacture by own hands
EM-FERTILIZER WITH YOUR HANDS: EITHER DOUGH OR KVASS
I'll tell you how it all works for me in the garden. At the beginning of May, I prepare the first tab: I rinse a 200-liter plastic barrel and fill it to the top with fresh organic matter. Celandine, nettle, sprouted rye (I sow it, of course, in the fall), as well as substandard beets and carrots are used.
I add a jar of old jam (I no longer use it for subsequent bookmarks), pour in half a bottle of the EM drug, fill the container with water and cover it with an old blanket.
I stir the contents of the barrel daily, so it rises like dough and foams like kvass. After four days, the infusion is ready: the greens have become a little slimy and slightly whitish in color. But the main symptom is the appearance of a rather specific smell. Well, now, finally, you can start the fertility conveyor.
I select almost all the silage from the barrel, spread it on the beds in a layer about 4-5 cm thick and pour it with cold water from a watering can so that beneficial bacteria can get into the ground with its help and thereby save themselves from the sun destructive for them.
And then they immediately begin to work for the benefit of fertility, and mulch in the form of silage not only retains moisture in the ground, but also feeds my other helpers - worms, of which a lot accumulates under such organic matter.
Remember when I said that I do not choose all the silage from the barrel? This is no coincidence: I need the remains of organic matter to ferment new bookmarks. After all, as soon as I attach the contents of the barrel to the beds, I immediately begin the next process of preparing green fertilizer. And if the heat is on the street, then it ripens even faster - in two or three days. In total, during the season, I make about 28 bookings, as a result of which I manage to lay the fermented silage on the beds in two layers. This, however, does not apply to the ridges with strawberries and garlic (photo 1) - I water them only with liquid from a silo barrel.
Eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, cabbage and tomatoes respond best to such dressings. The latter, by the way, grow with me together with sunflowers and flowers - cosmos and calendula. There is enough fertilizer and light for everyone. I shoot ripe tasty fruits literally until October (photo 2). I tried one more innovation: I planted one row of cabbage in the garden with cucumbers - I also got a very good result. After all, the growing conditions for these crops are generally similar, and after harvesting cucumbers, the cabbage feels like a real lady in the garden. Inspired by this experience, I conducted a more extended experiment: in a separate wide bed, I first planted radishes and lettuce, and then - beets, cabbage, beans and eggplants. And, too, everything just grew beautifully (photo 3). Well, for watering now I use plastic bottles dug with their necks down.
And then my youngest son, who was 35 years old, suddenly died ... And I can say that the desire to continue the experiments in which he helped me, working in the garden with his son (photo 4) and grateful land gave me the strength to survive the grief.
From the very beginning of my innovations, the neighbors followed me very closely, then they began to help in collecting organic matter (they even brought their substandard fruits), and now they adopted advanced agricultural technology. So the EM silo allows you to avoid a lot of unnecessary work in the garden.
Another tip: once I didn't have enough silage for tomatoes, and I mulched the beds with them with egg packs. Everything went fine! The soil under such mulch was always loose and moist, there were no weeds at all, and the garden itself looked very aesthetically pleasing. In winter, by the way, the land in my garden leaves me covered with either silage or green manure.
HOME COMPOSTING OR BOKASHI WITH YOUR HANDS
Home composting is a godsend for supporters of organic farming. During the winter, you can collect fertilizer on several fruit trees or beds - this is a significant contribution to the fertility of the site. There is a lot of kitchen waste, but the question of containers arises: how to accumulate them, where to store them later? We have simplified things for ourselves: we use ordinary plastic bags from the supermarket. We make double ones - one is nested in the other.
We store the accumulated waste on the balcony. We mix the contents directly in the bag for more uniform aging. So the “juice” that leaked to the bottom (it is called “bokashi tea”) is not lost, but helps fermentation.
We try to take them to the dacha as soon as possible, put them in the greenhouse. There, the packages, of course, will freeze at first, but in March-April they will ripen to the desired state. Fermentation is a fairly short process, akin to normal ensiling. Easier than it seems.
Also a good option for collecting kitchen waste is 5-10-liter water bottles, which contain tea leaves, coffee grounds, chopped with cleaning pruners, etc. The main thing is to screw the lid tightly every time. Before use, such an eggplant will have to be cut, but you get a good cap to protect the seedlings.
FISH AND MEAT INCREASE NITROGEN
There are many ways to ferment kitchen waste, but they all somehow come down to one thing: to prepare organic matter for efficient decomposition by soil microorganisms. At the same time, the authors of the methods focus on carbon, completely forgetting about nitrogen. But it is he who, in the composition of organic matter, ensures the rapid development of plants.
The share of nitrogen in kitchen waste is increased by cuttings of fish and meat. And also straw, hay, sawdust - any waste bedding for pets. And even used wood cat litter.
ADD BACILLA FOR SPEED
How long does it take for kitchen waste to become fertilizer in a home composter? It depends on the chosen technology. And the temperature of maturation of organic waste.
The fastest fermentation with the participation of purchased lactobacilli (sold culture in bran). It is carried out under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen) at room temperature, in a special container. The task of these microorganisms is to form lactic acid in the substrate, which occurs in just a few weeks. Soil microbes will do the rest.
If you stick to traditional composting, then kitchen waste will have to turn into humus for at least a year.
WAIT FOR TWO WEEKS
The main disadvantage of the anaerobic method is the excessively acidic environment of the resulting substrate. Therefore, ready-made boka shi (a Japanese word meaning fermented organic matter) is dangerous to immediately close up in the near-stem circles of trees and shrubs. It is also impossible to plant seedlings after making "bokashi tea" on the beds. First you need to wait a couple of weeks for the soil organisms to destroy the lactic acid.
CLEANING CAN BE DANGEROUS
Excellent fertilizer - potato peelings. But they may contain pathogens of late blight or scab. If you simply throw them into the compost heap, then you can spread the disease throughout the garden.
Another thing is anaerobic composting (in bottles, eggplants and special composters): pathogens die in this case.
© Author: Pavel Kalugin, Moscow
See also: Fertilizers at home with their own hands - EM-Bocashi and EM-Urgasa
COOKING EM SILO WITH YOUR OWN HANDS - VIDEO
© Author: Valentina Konstantinovna TARASOVA, p. Zelenaya Polyana, Belgorod Region
URGASA OWN HANDS - VIDEO
Reference by topic: Urgasa own hands at home - cooking fertilizer
© Author: ALEXANDER ZHARAVIN, Agronomist Scientist
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- The best soil for homemade citrus fruits with my own hands - my soil mix
- Top dressing with tea leaves - why, what is the use and how to do it right?
- Mineral fertilizers in the country: how to choose, when to apply - just about the complicated
- The use of straw in the garden on the site - how to? Ways
- How to restore soil fertility after harvesting
- Infusions and decoctions of herbs - for top dressing and pest control and plant diseases
- Acceleration of fruiting of the orchard according to Kolomyets - enhanced top dressing
- Soil preparation for sowing and planting - organic farming
- Do-it-yourself green fertilizer - we make an infusion of weeds
- Organic strawberries WITHOUT CHEMISTRY - how to grow?
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How to prepare an analogue of an EM drug at home? And will it be as effective as the same Baikal or Radiance?
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- EM preparations are a mixture of effective microorganisms. You can prepare an analogue of a store drug at home. If you follow the rules, you will get the result no worse. Mix 2,5 kg of forest soil, wheat bran, chopped charcoal, add 5 kg of sawdust. Separately mix 1 Art. fresh unpasteurized milk, 400 ml of any old jam, 25 g of fresh yeast and 0,5 l of water.
Combine the liquid and dry components, close the lid with the hole, pass a hose through it, lower the free edge of which into a container of water (a similar system is used to make homemade wine). When the bubbles stop coming out of the hose, open the container with the workpiece - the contents should smell like bread, beer or wine. If there is no unpleasant odor, you have received a real EM drug.