WHAT IS A MULTIPLE TREE AND HOW TO CREATE IT WITH OWN HANDS

In one of the social networks there was a survey for gardeners. THE QUESTION SOUNDED SO: “DID YOU KNOW, WHAT IS A TREE-GARDEN, OR A MULTIPLE TREE? AND THE BIG PART REPLIED NEGATIVELY

© Posted by MARIA VARFOLOMEEVA. Marketing bureau Varfolomeeva

Under the survey on the social network was the gardener's next comment: “This is another and not a new money divorce. Like a strawberry advertisement that curls. How many people came across, but the advertising is on. And do not argue with me. Let's ask the professionals. At least one is in the group? We need an authoritative opinion and, preferably, a confirmation, and not “so many times ...”.

For the sake of justice, it should be noted that if most gardeners are not aware of the existence of such crops, then nurseries and garden centers are now losing sight of the whole subcategory of fruit production, which can attract gardeners. Armed with curiosity and the support of market professionals, we decided not only to share our opinions, but also to show clearly how such trees are made.

To begin with, we list all the epithets with which they are endowed: a multi-grade tree, a family tree, a tree-garden, a tree of friendship. How many opportunities for creative ideas, advertising services of garden companies to convey the value of the product, when there are so many different names! At the same time, if, apart from the name, photos and prices on the trading floor, there is no sensible explanation of the advantages of such a product, then it is truly a mystery to gardeners, which is not a fact that they want to guess. Judging by the ratio of gardeners who have an idea about this product - and who do not understand what it is, it can be attributed to new products. And in order to buy new items, they need to be properly presented!

PRESENTING MULTIPLE TREE!

So let me introduce a multi-grade tree! They can be apple, pear, cherry, plum and other crops. The idea is this: several different varieties grow on the same tree. For example, “imagine an apple tree on which red, yellow and bright green fruits of different shapes, sizes and ripening periods simultaneously ripen. Such a tree looks truly fascinating, ”says Nikolay Salnikov, the head of the Moscow Region Nursery of the POISK Agroholding (the article“ Garden Miracles, ”Poisk magazine), which produces a wide range of seedlings of multi-grade trees, comments on the effect.

WOOD-GARDEN OWN HANDS: MASTER CLASS

Such a product can be obtained by placing an escape of one plant (graft) on the other (stock), using this method of propagation, such as grafting. Andrei Nagaytsev, the head of the grandfathers garden near Moscow, invited us to the master class where we saw the process of creating a multi-grade tree. We chose an apple tree, and the best time for its vaccination is spring (end of March - beginning of April), when night temperatures no longer fall below zero, and the weather is dry, preferably not sunny.

“Particular attention when creating a multi-varietal tree,” says Andrei Nagaitsev, “should be given to the selection of varieties that will be collected on one tree. As a basis, the skeleton can be used both as a wild bird (that is, a seedling with formed skeletal branches, then we will use all suitable branches for grafting new varieties), as well as a variety seedling, then the variety itself acts as a skeleton maker. One of the branches of this variety can be left as an existing variety, the rest can be re-grafted with new ones. As a skeleton former, it is better to select a variety with a strong crown, good winter hardiness, and high resistance to diseases. "

PHOTO 1 In our master class for the stock was chosen well-developed two-year wild.

PHOTO 2 For grafting we used cuttings of one-year-old apple trees (without buds!) Of such late-ripening varieties as 'Antonovka vulgaris', 'Young naturalist', 'Northern Sinap'.

PHOTO 3 Work tools in our master class have become a well-sharpened grafting knife, a cube for sharpening a grafting knife, a pruner, a special photo-ruptured film for inoculation that does not require subsequent removal and collapses during the season under the action of sunlight without leaving banners on the stem of the plant , and also means for healing and sterilization of wounds of trees with the built-in brush.

PHOTO 4-14 As a method of grafting in our case, we used copulation, which is distinguished by its simplicity and suits us by the fact that the stock and graft are of the same thickness. Depending on the thickness of the branches, you can apply different methods of vaccinations. When copulating with a graft knife on the stock and graft, they make the same oblique cuts and apply them to each other in such a way that the corresponding plant tissues match.

PHOTO 15 After the engraftment procedure, the vaccination site is wrapped with plastic film or, as in our case, a special photo-destructible film, thus ensuring a good fit of the grafted components.

PHOTO 16, 17 The cut-off sites are treated with a special healing agent - or garden pitch.

PHOTO 18 Be sure to sign the grafted branches so as not to forget where the grade is. In our case, we have planted all the branches belonging to the stock.

Aftercare for a Multi-Grade Tree

An important comment on the subsequent care of a multi-varietal tree is given by Mikhail Malkov (Sadko nursery: “Caring for a garden tree is no different from caring for an ordinary fruit tree of the corresponding breed. A special feature is the regular normalization of skeletal shoots if the skeleton is a variety, and cutting, if the skeleton is a stock (wildcat). Since sleeping buds on the “native” skeleton will always wake up and grow actively, which can drown grafted varieties. ”This is done gradually during the season, since at the early stage E branches will be needed to start the "work" of the whole tree.

The tree-garden is ready!

Why are such experiments necessary? What are the advantages of such trees? Among the most common reasons for multi-varietal trees is space saving. Among the undoubted advantages, according to Nikolai Salnikov (Agrofirm “SEARCH”), it is necessary to include obtaining a stable crop: “For example, if some of the varieties grafted on a multi-varietal tree“ rest ”due to the frequency of their fruiting, all the nutrition goes to other varieties. This significantly increases the size and quality of their fruits. ” Nicholas also notes "a higher yield due to the formation of the best conditions for cross pollination" and "high decorativeness during the ripening of varieties."

Generally, if you look through the prism of modern trends, multi-grade trees are a very relevant product. As time goes by, socio-cultural trends are changing, including the dacha and urban mentality.

Keeping pace with this desire are trends in many industries. Gardening is no exception. Products that satisfy such consumer properties as compactness, economy, versatility, and uniqueness come out on top. And in this sense, multi-grade trees meet all the above requirements.

They are unique in their versatility: the combination of fruits of different varieties on one tree allows each family member to enjoy the favorite harvest in accordance with his taste; save on care, because instead of three or four apples - one tree-garden; to protect from the "headache" bolsheypozhayev, which are then distributed to neighbors and colleagues; to meet the requirements of the owners of not only modest-sized plots, but also residents with large spaces that are not ready for a garden routine. A product that goes with the times, on the one hand, and traditional - on the other; so fit in today that it had to be bought yesterday.

PRINCIPLE OF VARIETY SELECTION

What principles should be followed when choosing varieties for vaccination on one tree? Should they be combined or can there be any choice?

We also asked these questions to Andrei Nagaitsev. “When selecting varieties to create a tree garden, you need to carefully study their characteristics. Given the physiological characteristics of the plant, it is desirable to collect varieties with approximately the same maturity on the same tree. So, if you prefer summer varieties, you can collect early summer, summer and late summer varieties on the same tree. Then it will be possible to avoid simultaneous mass ripening, having received a small “conveyor” of summer varieties. At the stage of selection of varieties, it is important to pay attention to the power of growth. It is advisable to assemble varieties with the same growth force.

PEAR + APPLE TREE ...

One of the most exciting questions for gardeners is the possibility of planting cuttings of different cultivars on one tree, for example, a pear on an apple tree, a cherry on a cherry, or even an apple on a cherry. For comment we turned to Mikhail Malkov, head of the Sadko Nursery. “I must disappoint: to create a tree garden with different types of fruits — that is, to have pears, apples, plums, cherries on one plant — nature will not allow it. Although unusual combinations are possible. So, on the plum skeleton (grade 'Eurasia 21'), you can plant grades of plums home and Russian.

But even a pear tree cannot be planted on an apple tree. ”

Also interesting, according to Mikhail Malkov, is the ability to vary the colors and sizes of the fruit: “That is, roughly speaking, combine 'Kitayka red' with 'Antonovka'.”

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See also: Multi-tree (tree-garden) with own hands

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FOR REFERENCE:

rootstock - a plant that uses a stem, root system;

graft - the stem, leaves, flowers or fruits of the second plant grafted to it;

graft - a vegetative method of plant propagation by combining parts of several plants, used in horticulture. Most often used for propagating trees and shrubs.

MULTI-VARIETY TREE - VIDEO (APPLE TREE)

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