Which roof is BETTER? Drawings, designs, types and types
Contents ✓
WHAT ROOF TO BUILD AND WHY?
The size of the mansard room, its configuration and, of course, the appearance of the entire building as a whole depends on the construction of the roof for the homeowner.
Many homeowners want to get the maximum usable floor space with a minimum building spot. Do this either by increasing the number of storeys of the building, or through the effective use of the attic. In the country building is the second option is used most often.
HOW WILL YOU LOOK OUT
If you walk through the old horticultural partnerships, it is easy to see that, despite the relative diversity of buildings (both in size and materials used in the construction), the roof over the houses are often either simple or sloping.
Moreover, the predominance of one type or another is often due to the fact that construction teams that have mastered one technology make it massive “in the zone of their actions”. Yes, and summer residents themselves often adhered to the principle of "like a neighbor." In addition, before many people did not think about the appearance of a seasonal house - if only it was practical.
The times of such a utilitarian approach to buildings are over. The current summer resident seriously thinks about how his house will look like. But how to make and beautiful, and practical, and cheap? 06 this and talk.
ROOF TYPES
For example, consider three types of roofs (fig. 1):
1 - rafter; 2 - stand; 3 - bracing; 4 - floor beam; 5 - "raised" wall; 6 —girl; 7 - U-shaped beam design; 8 - wall.
- SIMPLE TWO-ROCK ROOF (shaded red);
- BROKEN ROOF (shaded BLUE);
- “LIFTED” ROOF (shaded green).
Take the most common dimensions of the building in terms of - 6 x 6 m due to the standard length of lumber. And since we are talking about roofs, we are more interested in the width of the structure.
To evaluate the results, we use the provisions of the 2.08.01-89 SNiP "Residential buildings". Changes No. 2 to this document (Annex 2, paragraph 6) contain the requirement: “When determining the floor space of the attic floor, the area of this room with height to the sloping 1,5 m when tilting 30 ° to the horizon, 1,1 m - at 45 °, 0,5 m - at 60 ° and more.
For intermediate slopes, the height is determined by interpolation. The area of a room with a lower height should be taken into account in a total area with a coefficient of 0,7, while the minimum wall height should be 1,2 m with a ceiling tilt of 30 °, 0,8 m with 45 ... 600, not limited to a tilt of 60 ° or more ".
Based on these requirements, let us take the height of the walls for the variants of roofs No. 1 and No. 3 - 1,2 m. And the height of the ceilings (crossbars) - 2,2 m. Angles of inclination of the roof will be taken for the roof No. 1 - 45 °, № 2 - 60 ° and 30 °. No. 3 - 37,5.
For the convenience of comparing the areas of the surfaces to be trimmed (walls, sloping and conventional ceilings, floors and roofs), let’s conditionally take the length (depth) of the building’s premises equal to 1,0 m. and other openings. The lumber section for roof trusses is 1 * 50 mm. The results of the calculations are summarized in table. 150. From it, you can immediately see the advantages and disadvantages of the options taken from the roof in terms of material consumption and labor costs.
Many will say that in the attic, according to options No. 1 and 3, there is no wardrobe, bookcase, etc. along the walls. This is true, but one should not forget that the main purpose of this floor is a recreation area. It is better to place there a bedroom, a nursery, and in large houses a billiard room, an office and even bathrooms.
Inclined ceiling not only does not interfere with placing a table under it, a pedestal for linen or arranging a sleeping place, but also gives the room a special charm.
See also: RIGHT STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION
Note that in versions # 1 and 3, the crossbar can be installed at different heights, which will only lead to a slight change in the area of the end walls. In variant No. 2 (broken roof), a change in the height of the ceiling will lead to changes in the proportions and appearance of the roof (fig. 2 6, c).
Fig. 2. Roof options:
a - simple double-slope; 6 - broken classic; c - broken full volume; g - double-sloped with rafters; d - dvukhskatnaya on the "raised" walls.
ROOT ORIENTATION
Usually, the ridge is positioned along the long side of the building (Fig. 3 a, 6, c) due to the fact that the structure is easier to block across than along. With a smaller span, a beam of smaller section is needed (of course, if there is no intermediate inner wall). In houses with a width of more than 6 m, the beam has to be increased at all, since the standard length of sawn timber for sale is 6 m.
And if we have a garden house or a small bath, with dimensions of 5 × 6 or A x 6 m or even less? Under the same conditions, we get the following picture. In fig. 4, 5 it is clearly seen how, under given initial conditions, the width of the attic space will change, and hence its convenience. With the width of the building A, 0 m or less, in the room under the roof, built according to options No. 1 and 3, the ceiling height will decrease, which will further aggravate the situation. As a result, the premises will turn out to be narrow and long, like a wagon (see tab. 2, var. 2, pos. 7,8,9). Obviously, rooms with a width to length ratio exceeding 1: 2 are extremely uncomfortable.
IMPORTANT!
The steeper the roof, the greater the wind loads it experiences. Although there is a plus: snow slips from a steep roof better. But with a sharp fracture of the roof, snow often blows under the roof.
Fig. 3. Types of houses with roofs of various types:
o - with a double slope roof and longitudinal ridge; b - with a classic sloping roof and longitudinal ridge; in - with a full volume broken roof and longitudinal ridge; d - with a double slope roof (with rafters overhangs) and transverse ridge; d - with dvukhskatnoy nryshi on the "raised" walls and transverse ridge.
By moving the U-shaped structures to the outer walls, we increase the angle of the side slopes of the broken roof and eventually arrive at a simple two-story structure with the only difference that the walls of the second floor will be formed by the U-shaped roof structures (fig. 2 c). Outwardly, this structure often resembles a young toadstool.
UNCONVENTIONAL ROOF LOCATION
Immediately make a reservation that we are talking about buildings whose dimensions exceed the 3 x 4 m in plan. At smaller dimensions, the attic floor is not done, because, minus the stairway, there is little that will be available for the usable area (unless, of course, the stairs are taken out) .
Let's turn the roof to 90 ° and place the ridge along the short wall (see tab. 2). A change in the direction of the roof slopes to 90 ° leads to an increase in the attic area. There are advantages from an economic point of view. The roof, which overlaps the structure across, is more economical both in labor costs and in materials consumption. The architectural appearance of the building is more advantageous.
Every man to his own taste. But before you start building, you should ask yourself: what will it look like? And not only ask, but try to answer it. The easiest way is to draw roof variants on tracing paper and then attach them to the drawing of the facade of the building. You can simulate the options on the computer. The selected option can be worked out in more detail.
Fig. 4 Sizes of roofs of different types with the width of the 5 structure m:
1 - rafter; 2 - stand; 3 - bracing; 4 - floor beam; 5 - "raised" wall; 6 - bolt; 7 - U-shaped beam design; 8 - wall.
Fig. 5 Characteristics of various types of roofs with a width of 4 structure m:
1 - rafter; 2 - stand; 3 - bracing; 4 - floor beam; 5 - "raised" wall; 6 - bolt; 7 - beam U-shaped design; 8 is a building wall.
1 TABLE
STRUCTURES AND SURFACE SURFACES |
ROOF OPTION |
||
№ 1 |
№ 2 |
№ 3 |
|
The total length of the elements truss trusts m |
21,2 |
26,4 |
22,0 |
Roof slopes (length), pog. m |
9,9 |
10,5 |
8,8 |
Clean floor (area), m2 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
4,4 |
Ceiling (area), m7 |
2,1 |
3,9 |
1.8 |
Inclined ceiling (square), m7 |
3,1 |
no |
3.3 |
Longitudinal walls (square), m2 |
2,2 |
4,4 |
2,4 |
Gable (area), m2 |
12,7 |
15,2 |
15,2 |
Inner end wall (square), m2 |
7,4 |
7,9 |
8,4 |
Outer wall above the floor (area), m2 |
no |
no |
1,2 |
Useful area (according to SNiP), m2 |
50,4 |
46,8 |
52,8 |
See also: Hip roof with their own hands-marking, calculation and construction of the structure
2 TABLE
STRUCTURE DIMENSIONS |
SQUARE ATTIC FOR ROOFS OF VARIOUS OPTIONS, Mг |
|||
1 |
4,2 x 6 = 25,2 |
3,9 x 6 = 23,4 |
4,4 x 6 = 26,6 |
|
2 |
4,2 × 5 = 21,0 |
3,9 × 5 = 19,5 |
4,4 x 5 = 22,0 |
|
3 |
4,2 4 × = 16,8 |
3,9 × 4 = 15,6 |
4,4 × 4 = 19,4 |
|
4 |
3,2 x 6 = 19,2 |
2,9 x 6 = 17,4 |
3.4 x 6 = 20,4 |
|
5 |
3,2 x 5 = 16,0 |
2,9 x 5 = 14,5 |
3,4 x 5 = 17,0 |
|
6 |
3,2 × 4 = 12,8 |
2,9 x 4 = 11,6 |
3,4 x 4 = 13,6 |
|
7 |
2,2 x 6 = 13,2 |
1,9 x 6 = 11,4 |
2,4 x 6 = 14,4 |
|
8 |
2,2 × 5 = 11,0 |
1,9 x 5 = 9,5 |
2,4 x 5 = 12,0 |
|
9 |
2,2 x 4 = 8,8 |
1,9 x 4 = 7,6 |
2,4 x 4 = 9,6 |
|
10 |
2,4 x 3 = 7,2 |
1,9 x 3 = 5,7 |
2,4 x 3 = 7,2 |
ROOF TYPES - VIDEO
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