Designing a house - USEFUL and necessary advice from an architect
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RATIONAL APPROACH TO THE PROJECT OF THE HOUSE
© Author: V.Strashnov Architect
I would like to slow down the fast pace of modern life - to leave the city for nature at least for the weekend and spend time there in comfortable conditions. For this, of course, you must have a residential building. It does not matter what it will be: compact or large, two- or one-story, but a project is needed for its construction.
And the more detailed and more accurate the project of the house will be developed, the more comfortable it will be to live in it.
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PROJECT NUANS
Construction of a country house consists of several stages. And if housing is being built "from scratch", then you need to prepare for a specific sequence of actions: the purchase of a land plot; project development; purchase and delivery of materials; foundation work; installation of the box and roof; outdoor networks; exterior and interior finish.
The first stage begins with the selection of a site for building a house, and the house must fit into the plot, and not the other way round. Logic tells us that it is preferable to choose a flat section of the correct form, since the construction on the slopes and ravines causes a strong appreciation. And we should not forget about the distance to neighboring residential buildings, which should be at least 4 m.
Then comes the most crucial stage - the development or selection of the finished project of a country house.
It is necessary to put a few questions in front of you: what family it is designed for, how many rooms there should be, what layout will meet the requirements of a particular family. And it is worth considering that at the project development stage it can still be changed, adjusting to your tasks, than to do the same at the construction stage. When making amendments in time, you can limit unnecessary financial investments by reducing them to 8-12% of the total cost.
It is important to note that single-storey (fig. 1) houses of a large area are much more comfortable for living than two-, and especially three-storey ones, which, unfortunately, is not always possible due to the limited size of the plot area. Nevertheless, the question often arises as to how economically justified is the construction of an attic (Fig. 3) instead of a full-fledged second floor. Undoubtedly, the high-grade floor will be more expensive on 15-17%, plus no need to register the house as a two-storey one.
See also: Addition to the house with their own hands - projects and tips from the architect
OPTIMIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION
When designing a residential country house, it is advisable to apply several optimality criteria.
The first is functional criteria, which implies the maximum reliability of the structure, its durability and safety, compliance with its practical purpose and ease of use.
The second is technological, where the house should be built according to the most reasonable technology and at the same time ensure its maintainability and the minimum duration of construction. First of all, this is the technology of foundation construction, building material for walls, insulation technology, etc.
The third criterion is environmental, in which the house will have minimal negative impact on the environment and on those living in it. This issue is solved when choosing both building material for the building, and when designing a heating system and laying utilities.
And of course, an aesthetic criterion - for example, the architectural expressiveness of the appearance of the house and all building elements both outside the building and in the interior, which in general will provide a positive emotional effect and create comfortable living conditions (Figs. 1,2, 3,4).
HOUSE SQUARE
Residential building should be logical in size. And experience suggests that the most convenient house, the average size of which usually fit into the area to 100 square. m (Fig. 1,2). This optimal size is calculated on the basis that with a minimum area it is important to rationally use and use every meter of a residential building, as well as the functional interconnection of all residential and service premises in the house.
It should be noted that a large area of the house will require more funds for heating, as well as for maintaining its technical condition, for cleaning as well.
ECONOMIC PLANNING OF THE HOUSE
Let's start with the orientation of the building to the cardinal points. The best in this regard would be the south-west, i.e. a large surface of external walls is oriented precisely in this direction, and a reduction in the area of the northern facade of the building reduces heat loss through the building envelope.
In the plan of the house, first of all, it is necessary to lay the minimum area of the walls, where the layout of the building should be as close as possible to the cubic form. Such a configuration is the most economical from the point of view of heating, since this geometry ensures minimal contact of the building with cold outdoor air.
Special attention in terms of saving thermal energy should be paid to the corners of the structure, since the convergence of two walls can be called the most active conductor of heat. And it is worth noting that the heating of such rooms does not require additional devices for the circulation of warm air. Depending on the height of the building, it is possible to achieve uniform heating of all the rooms, which is important.
It should also not be forgotten that living quarters should, as far as possible, be located “inside the house” and ideally have only one street wall or, if possible, have a buffer zone in the form of balconies, verandas and technical rooms (Fig. 2). This arrangement of the premises allows you to spend on them
heating is much less energy, which is very important.
It is important to remember about the size of window openings, through which the main heat loss occurs. When choosing a modern panoramic glazing, it is worth considering that as a result of reducing the glazing area, energy savings can be up to 50%. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a balance between light and heat loss.
ZONING HOLIDAY HOME
The main task in the design of any home is a clear functional zoning of the total area into two parts, one of which is a general-purpose room and the second is a private room, i.e. rooms for sleeping and relaxing (Fig. 1,2).
The standard set of living rooms, as a rule, consists of several bedrooms, and the living room is a common room to which the kitchen adjoins. They can be divided by a sliding partition, which allows, if necessary, both combine the two spaces into one common space, and cut them apart from each other. This is one of the possible solutions for saving and a reasonable approach to the planning of the house, which reduces not only the costs during construction, but also allows you to efficiently store heat in the rooms of the house during the winter period.
The center of the composition of any house is almost always the entrance hall, usually through it you can get into all residential and utility rooms. Thanks to its compact form, the house receives an overall space savings, and this naturally reduces the cost of the total budget. Even in such a small area of the layout element as a bathroom plus a storeroom, there is always a chance to win in the square of the square, for example, by combining these rooms into a single unit.
HOUSE DEVELOPMENT
When developing a project of a residential house, it is worth paying attention to such an important moment as the possibility of its development in the future. What does it mean? Time changes, the family grows, and there is a need for additional space. The construction of an extension begins, which often looks ugly and random. Therefore, at the design stage of the house, it is necessary to take into account this moment consider the direction in which it can evolve in the future (fig. 3). This principle will enable the dynamic growth of the house and help to avoid its complete reconstruction (Fig. 4).
Do not forget that the main factor in the planning of a country house is the creative credo laid down in the project basis, where not only architectural and constructive positions are taken into account, but also the use of building materials, their decorative and artistic possibilities, thanks to which the house will receive a new look.
In conclusion, I want to remind you that the success of work always depends on the tight work of the tandem architect - customer, and the understanding between them both at the design stage and at the construction stage.
See also: Home energy supply - project rules and calculations
COLLECTION OF HOUSES PROJECTS - ORIGINAL SOLUTIONS
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