Helping plants in the heat - tips gardeners
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HOW TO HELP PLANTS IN THE HEAT AND DROUGHT
There is no bad weather? This phrase has long become winged due to the song from the movie "Office Romance." But the author of the article strongly disagrees with her and is determined to prove it. Listen to the arguments?
Lost battle
Well, what could be the grace of the drought ?! Last year was very dry, it did not rain from April to October. In late September, a little bit of sprinkle, but this rain was already to nothing. Every year there is a heat, and every year we are outraged by its negative impact on our gardens and gardens. The exhausting heat is a test for man, what can we say about plants! We ourselves somehow learned to adapt to it, so let's take care of the protection of our "wards" so as not to be left without a harvest.
At high temperatures, there are never good yields, so let us learn at least to save the miser, who managed to grow in spite of drought.
What to do? First, plant drought-resistant varieties. Secondly, learn to pritenyat garden.
I put wooden supports, stretch thin wire over them and put on old tulle. You can throw a modern material, if you have it at your fingertips. On the gooseberry bushes I tighten the shading vegetable nets, and so that they do not fall off with the wind, I pinch them with clothespins.
Grids should be UV resistant and preferably red in order to remove unnecessary light spectrum (photo 1). In addition, every 4-5 days I spray the bushes with anti-stress drugs, adding trace elements to them. On the sheet and under the root, you need to feed potassium (I use a solution of ash). The most important thing is to monitor the weather changes, shade everything possible, and leave a place for air access below.
You can, of course, chalk the greenhouse, but I chose to sprinkle. Why? Yes, because she was afraid that after whitewashing the tomatoes did not have enough light, they would rush upwards and not gain proper sugar content, especially since my tomatoes are already tall.
Some of my friends pulled red nets over the greenhouses, but at the same time left a gap between the nets and the film to purge. I remember very well that tomatoes should not be watered by sprinkling, but where to go if the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds the limit of 45 °? I chose the lesser of evils. Of course, late blight did not keep itself waiting long and appeared in the greenhouse at the height of summer, in the middle of July. I stayed in the battle with her for exactly a month and ... gave her a place for complete revelry. Not enough patience.
Mulch to the rescue of heat
During the summer, the sun mercilessly burned our land with its rays. Burns appeared on the fruit, foliage, pollen was sterilized, and fruiting was low. Only plants with wide leaves survived - pumpkins, sunflowers, cabbage, eggplant, beets, etc. Their foliage was like an umbrella and prevented excessive evaporation of moisture. You can, of course, intensely feed the plants with ammonium nitrate to grow large leaves, but then what will be the fruiting?
In order not to overheat the roots, I used mulch: rice husks on cabbage (photo 2), straw on eggplants (photo 3), garlic and onion tops, mowed grass, small twigs on carrots. These materials easily disperse the sun's rays and promote good air circulation. In countries with hot climates, plants are sprayed with white clay on the south side (in our country kaolin is sold in pharmacies). The sun's rays are reflected from the whiteness, and the plants do not overheat. On 5 liter of water, you must take 500 g of kaolin.
Drip irrigation during drought provides the opportunity to water around the clock, and the water goes directly to the roots. You can make a drip irrigation system with your own hands from five-liter bottles.
I was especially offended for the potatoes. I watered it four times over the summer. In hot, dry soil at a depth of 15 and below the tubers were not tied, the leaves lost their elasticity and looked lifeless. River water only for a short time brought down the heat of the soil. Well, what could grow on dry and hot ground temperature 50 °? The answer is: a trifle with moths, scab, and blight.
Many gardeners put turntables on potatoes, and on bare ground, and this is detrimental to potatoes. It is necessary to mulch the earth!
See also: How to water a kitchen garden in the heat?
Scenes and conditioners for vegetables
Drought intensified disease in the garden and in the garden. In addition to the phytophtora struck potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants, powdery mildew appeared on cucumbers, zucchini and pumpkins. A moth butterfly settled on the cabbage and, gnawing on the leaves, opened the gates to fungi and bacteriosis. Some gardeners got the hang of catching butterflies on homemade sweet traps.
The powdery mildew settled on the berry bushes, greatly weakened by the frost, and immediately after flowering they lost the entire ovary. The neighbors had berries on the trellis and almost did not suffer (photo 4). Some heads of garlic did not form cloves, and, looking at it, one would have thought that it was a white onion. Carrots grew shallow and looked like a mouse tail. Beetroot turned out with a baby cam.
The drought caused an outbreak of not only diseases, but also pests. What happened with the fruit trees! Early varieties slipped heat, and on them moths were few, but the middle and late ones lost up to 30% of flowers: they did not fertilize from the heat and fell off. In addition, on the remaining ovaries, the moth has firmly settled and completely eliminated the apple harvest (they all showered unripe). Partially lost harvest plums, pears and peaches. A glass cup appeared on a currant and “helped” it to shrink. Ticks, aphid, scoop, brass box comfortably settled wherever possible, especially on bell peppers and eggplants. It cost me a lot of work to expel this evil from the garden, just using chemistry.
I am afraid that we will soon live in a semi-desert, where water is scarce. No wonder the environmentalists of the whole world are sounding the alarm in connection with global warming. What should we do to prevent the drought from catching us by surprise? We could not plant drought-resistant varieties, and then what to do? Strengthen immunity with appropriate plant treatments.
If the area is small, you can use a hydrogel: it, absorbing moisture, increases several times and gives moisture to the roots. And with an excess of moisture in the soil, on the contrary, it absorbs it. In the soil, the hydrogel lasts up to five years. For humans and plants, it is not dangerous, over the years it disintegrates into water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
In the heat, planting of rocker crops along the perimeter of the plot — sorghum, corn, sunflower — can help. Beans can curl on them to more fully shade more tender plants (photo 5).
Fogging plants are also sold, which spray water in small drops and create humidity in the greenhouse. On the one hand, these plants knock down the heat, but, on the other hand, the fog settles on the leaves, moisturizes them, and it’s not an hour! - a fungus may appear.
Some gardeners raise the roof, others install powerful air conditioners (if funds allow). They create a high humidity in the greenhouse, but I have a question: will air conditioners suffer from dampness and will there be mold in them?
Be that as it may, the main task in a drought is to keep precious moisture in the soil at all costs and take a whole range of measures so as not to be left without a crop.
© Author: Galina Schekaleva art. Petrovskaya Krasnodar Territory
Continuing the theme. Apparently, the climate is really changing in the direction of warming, and so quickly that it is harder to adapt to this. Conclusion: you need to prepare for the heat in advance and thoroughly.
GARDEN UNDER “ROOF”
Since July, we have a heat wave, and we forget about the rains for a long time. I want to share my experience in saving vegetables and fruit shrubs from the summer heat.
I grow up seedlings of vegetables on window-sills, transplant in early spring in open ground. I put the arc over the beds and cover the dense covering material from the return frost.
Then the vegetables under the arcs becomes crowded. But I don’t remove them, but constructing an "attic" out of wooden bars above them - about 1 and 70 cm high, and the arcs for the plants serve as a support. I have beds of 6 or 8 m long, 80 wide cm, in each I drive in six bars. The top of the bar is wrapped in small pieces of thick fabric so that the covering material does not tear into the wood (photo 1).
Spread lutrasil or spanbond - also dense. I don’t close one side — the one where the sun only happens in the morning, and completely cover the other side to the ground — the sun bakes there all day. But first, twine must be pulled over all the bars: it will be under the covering material. From above, I pull the covering material tightly, distributing it over the entire bed, and below I twist it with a small piece of twine. I twine the twine everywhere with a loop (photo 2).
Such a protective structure, even the strongest wind never yet tore!
Sometimes I build one big shelter right on the 2-3 beds. Vegetables feel great there, as there is always a shadow there. Under this “ceiling” I walk freely without leaning.
So I work under shelter - weed the beds, loosen, water, fertilize and protect vegetables from pests. I am harvesting good crops.
For cucumbers, I build a beautiful "hut". They are planted in one row in the middle of the bed. Between the bars I stretch the twine, and the cucumbers grow as they want.
See also: Lawn care in summer in the heat
Raspberry joy
Now about how I save the remontrant raspberry from the heat. What mistake did you make four years ago? I read in magazines and newspapers that it should be cut off to the ground before winter. And cut off. For the next three years I didn’t have raspberries: she just didn’t have time to grow up to the heat, she burned everything from her. Last year, finally, she corrected the mistake: in advance, before the heat, she well-fed the raspberries, treated them for pests, and watered them abundantly. The first harvest gathered only about 2 kg. But what a beauty she is now, my repair raspberry (photo 3)!
Three days did shelter for her, but not for nothing that she spent so much energy. I had to drive the bars into the ground with a heavy sledgehammer, and they are above ground level on 2 m!
The berry is covered with a thick layer of old lutrasila, even in the heat it is cool there! Raspberries have already been pollinated, and that's how many berries on each branch I picked up (photo 4).
How on time I made shelter! Without it, again in the summer, raspberries would have burned all the leaves! It is good that there were no showers with hail and hurricanes. It’s scary to even think about what’s going on with nature ...
As a result, the harvest pleased me. She prepared wine from sweet berries and made blanks according to the recipes of Elena Alexandrovna Sukhareva from Kaluga. Now I am cured by these wines and drinks.
I would like to know how other gardeners save their vegetables, trees and shrubs from the intense heat. Write, dear readers!
I wish you all happiness and health for many years!
I forgot to write how the “hut” is arranged for crispy cucumbers - see photo 5-6 (behind this “hut” there is a growing raspberry, I have more than 30 bushes with it). When the cucumbers grow to the top of the stretched twine, I throw lashes through them, and then they grow freely. I’m still harvesting a small crop, since there are a lot of empty flowers: at high air temperature the flowers are not pollinated, and among my varieties there are bee pollinators. Unfortunately, even bees do not fly in such heat.
© Author: Nina Rostov on Don
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- Drip irrigation for rooting cuttings and layers by one's own hands
- Transplanting tomato seedlings into the open ground and her pasynkovanie - advice of specialists
- How to properly tie tree seedlings to the supports
- The use of geotextiles in the country, plot and garden
- How to help the trees after: hurricane, hail, downpours and heat: table memo
- Soldering (welding) the film yourself
- Place for growing (mini-balcony) seedlings with your own hands
- Bioplato with your hands on the site
- How to improve purchased seedling soil
- Treatment of a fruit tree if touched with a trimmer
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Raspberries gave us a rich harvest, but they also had to be rescued. Over the entire six-meter plantation, we stretched a spunbond frame and harvested daily. Whoever did not do this, was left without a fragrant and healthy berry - it was simply boiled on the branches. The same is with currants.
Yes, it all looked unaesthetic (as my husband says, as if after the bombing), but the main thing is the result. And he was worth it.
Unfortunately, fruit trees cannot be covered with anything. Summer apples and pears were removed for juice and dried in a dryer. But will the winter ones be stored after such overheating? Time will tell.
I wish all summer residents, first of all, health and not lose optimism.
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Cucumbers in a greenhouse covered with spunbond felt comfortable. But everyone knows that the tick rampages in dry hot weather, and every three days I sprayed the plantings with an infusion of onion peel or garlic.
It helped: the end of summer, and the cucumber lianas are still green and thank you with crisp greens.
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We urgently covered the greenhouses with non-woven fabric, the plants immediately became more comfortable. Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers bloomed and set fruit. This means they have adapted to the extreme heat. However, there were fewer fruits on tomatoes than last year. But we were glad of this too: the neighbors, who did not cover their greenhouses, did not start fruit at all!
But self-seeding tomatoes (which emerged after winter in the open field) grew by leaps and bounds, although they emerged at the end of May. And despite the wild heat, the fruits bloomed and set. And they didn't care about anything!
From this we can conclude: self-seeding plants have the strongest immunity!
But to avoid burns on ripening tomatoes, we covered them with spunbond. And they did the right thing, otherwise they would have got ready-made baked tomatoes.
And the eggplants really liked the unusual heat - I have never had such a rich harvest. The end of August, and they all grow, are already 1 m 60 cm tall, and the ovaries are dark.
In extreme heat, the soil surface heats up to 80 °. An excellent way out is mulch, but there is another way - "clay". Prepare a solution from kaolin (0,5 kg per 5 l of water), add a glass of liquid brewed starch, mix and spray the plants and soil, and the plants only from the south side! The white bloom on the leaves will reflect sunlight and protect them from overheating.