Site insolation - plan and ideas
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PLAN OF INSOLATION OF A DOMESTIC, LAND PLOT
Insolation of the land (from Latin in solo - expose to the sun) - this is the irradiation of its surface with direct sunlight (solar radiation) or its illumination.
The site needs both solar and shadow zones. The rhythms of the sun affect the mode of life and set the pace of summer work.
Such a natural factor as the sun is taken into account in the new “ecological architecture” - the solar architecture, whose structural elements (roofs, facades) use the natural capabilities of the sun to generate electricity. In the "folk architecture" provided for the orientation of objects in relation to the sun, created closed courtyards, galleries. And the gardener from time immemorial took into account the conditions of illumination of the site when growing plants.
DECORATIVE EFFECT
Solar lighting makes the garden space and architecture expressive. It creates different light and shadow effects: the avenue oriented "west-east" is crossed by shadows from trees during the day, the avenue "south-north" is flooded with light. Slanting morning and evening rays create a spectacular backlight (backlight). It emphasizes the forms and masses of plants (cereals), the silhouette of tapeworms - light shines through the crowns, like through a stained-glass window, outlines contours and highlights leaves and flowers.
To see this effect, benches, recreation areas are oriented to the west or east. At sunset, the rays paint the landscape in warm soft colors, cozy and calm - a great place to relax. Low lighting enhances the relief of the site, creates mystery and mystery, makes the garden deeper; it emphasizes the texture of natural stone, wood, embossed paving, brick, plaster.
The alternation of solid and cross sections (fence, canopy, pergola) with curly slots creates a pattern of chiaroscuro. A smoothly painted surface is a great backdrop for graphene shadows from plants. The bright daylight on the south and southwest side of the plot makes the elements of the garden expressive and open.
See also: Land on the slope - strengthening and landscaping, what to plant
PROS
Direct sunlight contains infrared (thermal) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. They form a healthy microclimate - illuminate and warm the house, promote the growth of children, plants, pets, create a good mood, prevent the development of mold, destroy microbes (after three hours in direct sunlight). Their effect is general health, psychophysiological, hygienic and thermal. There are three areas of exposure: A - antirachitic (vitamin D is produced); B - erythema (a tan is produced); B - bactericidal (microbes are destroyed).
MINUSS
The sun tires, acts destructively, draining and causing burns. Overheating with high humidity (especially in the southern regions) and summer over-exposure worsen well-being and reduce performance. Radiance causes light discomfort, sunlight destroys materials, surfaces shine and burn out, energy is consumed to regulate the microclimate (conditioning). Lack of sunlight threatens depression, bad mood, nervous breakdown. Seasonal nervous disorders of residents of a metropolis are a common occurrence. And only work and rest in the country save the situation.
KNOW THE NORM
Insolation mode provide the necessary amount of solar radiation at a given time: the optimal daily effect of insolation of the summer cottage, residential premises - continuous 2,5-3 hours of exposure to the sun. The main regulatory document is SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 "Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of premises of residential and public buildings and territories."
The duration of daylight hours is determined by the formula "do not take into account the first hour after sunrise and the last hour before sunset." New changes SanPiNov add to the estimated daylight hours of almost two hours.
APPROXIMATE PLAN INSOLATION PLAN
LONG SHORT
The trajectory of the sun, its position relative to the horizon and the duration of daylight hours depend on the latitude of a given area. Three zones have been identified (northern, central and southern) with different durations of insolation. In the northern zone, the trajectory of the sun - gentle and extended, in the southern
- cooler and shorter. In winter (December) the physiological length of the day is 7 hours 54 minutes, in summer (June) the largest is 22 hours 19 minutes. The highest position of the sun is the day of the summer solstice, the longest day is June 22, the lowest is December 22, the day of the winter solstice. The angle of incidence of sunlight varies seasonally. In the northern hemisphere, the height of the sun changes by about 45 degrees relative to the horizon throughout the year.
CHANGE LENGTH
Defining the shadow and light on the plot, make up "site lighting / shading plan". On the reference plan (scale 1: 100) with all buildings and trees, including neighboring ones near the borders, indicate the height of the objects and the northern direction. When the sun moves from east to west, shadows from summer cottages move along the site in the opposite direction. The longest shadows - at sunrise and sunset, the shortest - at noon.
Conditionally take the position of the sun in June. Shadows are 2 times longer than the height of the object build at 8 o’clock in the morning, at noon - the length of the shadow is equal to the height of willows 18 o’clock in the evening - 2,5-3 times greater than the height of the object. On the site plan, the extreme positions (envelopes, borders) of the shadows are marked during the day using different colors and shading in different directions.
CASE - TIME ...
Zoning a summer cottage, take into account the lighting requirements of each zone. Full sun - at least 6 hours of exposure to direct sun per day; partial shade - 4-6 h / day; full shadow - no more than 3 hours / day. Regulatory insolation for children / sports grounds and recreation areas - at least 2,5 hours, including at least 1 hour for one of the periods in case of intermittent insolation, for 50% of the site area, regardless of geographical latitude.
The recreation area needs a different light mode - both the shadow and the sun: its functional parts, collected on one site, are illuminated for part of the day (morning, day or evening). They arrange several sites with different functions: a solarium - a place illuminated in the morning from the east; aerarium (for rest and relaxation) - in partial shade; BBQ area - in the evening sun.
In the shade of the northern part or partial shade they have a residential house, a playground, shade-tolerant plants are planted. They place an economic zone and its elements - a garage, a parking lot, a utility unit, a cellar, a compost pile - it is uncomfortable to work in the sun. In places where shadows overlap, shade-tolerant plants are planted, planar structures are created - platforms, grass cover.
In the sun with dry sandy stony soils make spicy and cereal gardens, a rock garden.
SPORTS CHILDHOOD
Due to a lack of vitamin D, small children can get sick. The play area of the playground should be well lit; on its south side, local shading gives a playhouse or complex for _
climbing. For static games (sandboxes), partial shading from mobile elements (a screen, trellis, awning or canopy), hedges, spreading and dense crowns of trees is necessary. Illumination is regulated by the pergola - beams detain the sun's rays with its wide part. It is good if the sports ground is protected by buildings or tall plants. A pool is placed in the sun - this is the best position for water games, as well as a fountain.
OUR COUNCIL
Ornamental plants adorn different places of light. In a sunny place
- - Balsamins, begonias, clematis, flax, daylilies, lupins, nasturtiums, grassy peonies, roses. In partial shade
- aquilegia, anemones, frankincense, dicentres, swimsuits, buttercups, cuffs, rhododendrons, tiarellas, phloxes.
See also: Shadow on the plot - what plants to plant and what to do with it
© Author: Margarita Grigorieva Photo: author
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